also elected mayor of Philadelphia. He was one of the founders of the Pennsylvania hospital, and became a member of its first board of managers, which post he filled until his death, a period of thirty years. lie was one of the early members of the American philosophical society, and for many years a director of the Philadelphia library.
RHODES, Albert, author, b. in Pittsburg, Pa.,
1 Feb.. 1840. lie was educated mainly at the
academy of Elder's Ridge in the village of that
name in Indiana county, Pa. He has spent most
of his time abroad. He was U. S. consul at Jeru-
salem during the administration of President John-
son, consul at Rotterdam and charge d'affaires at
the Hague under President Grant, and consul at
lie men. France, and at Elberfeld, Germany, from
1877 till 1885. He has been a frequent contributor
to American, French, and British periodicals,
largely on the characteristics of life and people on
tln i European continent. Since 1885 he has lived
in Paris. His books are " Jerusalem as it Is " (Lon-
don. 1867); "The French at Home "(New York.
1875) ; and " Monsieur at Home " (London, 1886).
RHODES. Jlosheiin. clergyman. 1). in Williams-
burg, Pa., 14 April, 1837. His educational facili-
ties in early life were limited, but by persevering
industry he acquired a fine classical education.
He was graduated in theology at Missionary insti-
tute, Selinsgrove, Pa., in 1861, ordained to the
ministry in 1862, and in 1877 received the degree
of D. I), from Wittenberg college, Springfield, Ohio.
Immediately after his ordination he became pastor
of the Lutheran congregation at Sunbury, and
from this date until 1874 he served as pastor in
Lebanon and Columbia, Pa., and Omaha, Neb. In
1874 he removed to St. Louis. MIL, where he has
built up a flourishing English Lutheran congre-
gation. He was president of the general synod in
1885-'7. is the president of that body's board of
education, and in 1887 was elected president pro
ti in/Hire of Midland college, Atehison, Kan. Dr.
Rhodes is an acceptable pulpit orator and lecturer,
and a popular author. He is a frequent contribu-
tor to the periodicals of his church, and many of
his review articles and lectures have been published
separately in pamphlet-form. Among his pub-
lished works are " Sermon on the Assassination of
President Lincoln" (Sunbury. Pa., ls<i5): "The
Proper Observance of the Lord's Day " (St. Louis,
1874); "Life Thoughts for Young Men " (Phila-
delphia. 1879) ; "Recognition in Heaven " (1881) ;
"Expository Lectures on Philippians"(1882); "Life
Thoughts for Young Women" (1883); "Vital
Questions Pertaining to Christian Belief " (1886) ;
and " The Throne of Grace " (1887).
RIALL, Sir Phineas. British soldier, b. in Ire-
land about 1775 ; d. in Paris, France, 10 Nov.,
1850. He entered the British army as ensign in
January, 1794, and was promoted through the dif-
ferent grades to that of major in the same year.
He was reduced in 1797, and remained on the re-
serve list till 1804. He commanded a brigade in
t he West Indies in 1808-'10, taking part in the ex-
peditions against Martinique and Saintes, and in
the capture of Guadaloupe, became a colonel on 25
July, 1810, and on 4 June, 1813, was made a major-
general. After serving for a few months on the
staff in England, he was ordered to Canada to
take part in the war between England and the
United States. He served on the Niagara frontier,
displaying energy and valor. Imt committing many
military mistakes. He was wounded at Chippewa,
where he was chief in command, a- a No at the bat-
tle of Lundy's Lane. On 18 Feb., 1816, he was ap-
pointed governor of the island of Grenada, where
he remained for several years. He was promoted
lieutenant-general in 1825, was knighted in 1833,
and became a full general in 1S41.
RIBAS, Andres Perez de (re'-bas). Spanish
missionary, b. in Cordova, Spain, in 1576 ; d. in
Mexico. 26 March, 1655. After being ordained
priest, he entered the Society of Jesus in 1602, and
was sent immediately afterward to Mexico, where
he became successively rector of a college and pro-
vincial of New Spain. He was a successful and la-
borious missionary among the Indians. lie wrote
" Vida, Virtudes y Muerte del Padre Juan de Le-
desma " (Mexico, 1636), and " Historia de. los
triunfos de nuestra Santa Fe entre los barbaros con
las costumbres de los Indies " (Madrid, 1645). He
left " Historia de la Provincia de la C'ompania de
Jesus en Mexico," and " Historia de Sinaloa," which
remain in manuscript in the Library of Mexico.
RIBAS. Jose Felix (re'-bas), Venezuelan sol-
dier, b. in Caracas, 19 Sept., 1775 ; d. in Tucupido.
IS Jan., 1815. He married a maternal aunt of
Simon Bolivar, was one of the most enthusiastic
originators of the movement for independence in
1810. and was appointed a member of the supreme
junta of Caracas. He organized a battalion, of
which he was appointed colonel, and took part in
the unfortunate campaign against Monteverde.
After the capitulation of Miranda, 25 July, 1812,
Ribas obtained through family influence a passport
from Monteverde, and went to C'uragoa, Thence
he accompanied Bolivar to Cartagena and in his
invasion of Venezuela, being in command of the
division that defeated the Spaniards at Niquitao,
23 June, 1813, and at Horcones on 22 July, and
was promoted brigadier on 5 Oct., and chief of op-
erations in the central provinces. When Boves, at
the head of 7.000 men, attacked Caracas, Ribas,
with only 1.500 men, intrenched himself at Victo-
ria, and, after resisting for a whole day the furious
attacks of Boves and Morales, totally routed them
in the evening of 12 July, 1814. He defeated Ro-
sete at Charallave, 20 Feb., was promoted lieuten-
ant-general on 24 March, and took part in the vic-
tory of Carabobo on 28 May. After the disaster of
La Puerta he was sent to the eastern provinces, and
when Bolivar presented himself, after the defeat
of Aragua, in Carupano. Ribas's troops deposed Bo-
livar and Marino, proclaiming Ribas and Piar first
and second chief. But Ribas was totally routed
at Urica by Boves on 5 Dec., and in Maturin by
Morales on 11 Dec., and the last patriot army was
totally dispersed. Ribas was captured in the farm
of Tamanaco while awaiting provisions from the
neighboring town of Valle de Pascua. He was
shot in Tucupido, and his head was sent to Cara-
cas to be exposed in a cage.
RIBAUT, or RIBAULT, Jean (re-bo), French
navigator, b. in Dieppe in 1520; d. in Florida, 23
Sept., 1565. He was reputed an experienced naval
officer when he proposed to Admiral Gaspar de
Coligny, the chief of the Protestants in France, to
establish colonies in unexplored countries, where
they would be at liberty to practise the reformed
religion. The admiral obtained a patent from
Charles IX., and armed two ships, on which, besides
550 veteran soldiers and sailors, many young
noblemen embarked as volunteers, and appointed
Ribaut commander. The latter sailed from Dieppe,
18 Feb., 1562, and, avoiding routes where he might
encounter Spanish vessels, as the success of the
expedition depended entirely on secrecy, sighted on
30 April a cape which he named François. It
is now one of the headlands of Matanzas inlet.
The following day he discovered the mouth of a
stream, which he called Rivière de Mai (now St.
