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was employed for many years, in connection with Leopold Eidlitz and Frederick Law Olmsted. to carry forward the work which had been begun by others. These buildings and others, which belong to the same period, show the full ripe- ness of his powers. They have the qual- ities that be- longto all his future work breadth and simplicity. the disposition to produce ef- fect rat her I iy the power of great ma>s and form than by elabora- tion of detail.

the free use

of conventional types and models, and a t're-hne and variety that spring from sympathetic feeling of the meaning and necessities of each new struc- ture. A freely treated Romanesque preponderates in all his style, and was well suited to his own exu- berant but solid and substantial nature. His influ- ence began to lie felt very soon and very widely. Without any effort or desire to create a school, he drew about him a large number of young men, on whom the impress that In- made was very strong. Alt' he atiie from New York to Brookline, in the neighborhood of Boston, about 1875. his house and working-rooms were thronged with students and alive with work. There he prepared his plans for Sever Hall and Austin Hall at Harvard: for li- braries at Quincy, Maiden, and Burlington ; for railroad-stations along the Boston and Albany and other roads : for the cathedral at Albany, which, however, was not given to him to build : for the Albany city-hall: for dwellings in Washington and Boston; for the two great building* that he left unfinished at his death, the Board of trade in Cin- cinnati ami the court-house in Pittsburg, Pa.; for great warehouses in Boston and Chicago : and for other structures of many sorts throughout the land. The result of them all has been a strengthen- ing, widening, and ennobling of the architecture of the country which must always mark an epoch in it- history. Mr. Richardson was a man of fas- cinating intelligence and social power. He died in the midst of his work, although his last ten years were a long, brave, cheerful fight with feeble health and con-tant suffering. His life has been written, in an illustrated quarto, by Mrs. Schuyler Van Rensselaer ( Boston. 1888).

RICHARDSON. Israel Bush, soldier, b. in Fairfax. Yt.. ->' Dec., 1815; d. in Sharpsburg, Md., 3 Nov., 1862. He was graduated at the U. S. mili- tary academy in 1841. entered the 3d infantry, and served through the Florida war. He became 1st lieutenant in 1846, participated in the principal battles of the Mexican war, and received the bre- vets of captain and major for gallantry at Contreras. Churubusco, and Chapultepec. His coolness in ac- tion won him the name of fighting Dick" in the army. He became captain in 1851, resigned in 1855, and settled on a farm near Pontiac, Mich. At the beginning of the civil war he was appointed colonel of the 2d Michigan regiment, and when he reported with his regiment in Washington, D. C., Gen. Winfield Scott greeted him with " I'm glad to have my ' Fighting Dick ' with me again." A few days afterward he was placed at the head of a brigade with which he covered the retreat of the army at Bull Run. his commission of brigadier- ! general of volunteers dating from 17 May. isiil. He commanded a division of Gen. Edward V. Sum- ner's corps at the battle of the Chickahominy, where he acted with great gallantry, became major- general of volunteers, 4 July. 1862, was engaged at the second battle of Bull Run. at South Mountain, and Antietam, receiving fatal wounds in the latter fight. He was a lineal descendant of Israel Putnam.

RICHARDSON, James, clergyman, b. in Ded- ham. Mass., in 1817 ; d. in Washington. D. C., 10 Nov., 1863. He was graduated at Harvard in 1-::;. and during his course aided in collecting Thomas Carlyle's " Miscellanies." which were published un- der Ralph Waldo Emerson's supervision (Boston, 1836). He afterward became a clerk of a county d mil . taught in New Hampshire, and was principal of a school near Providence, R. I. He was graduated at tin- Harvard divinity-school in 1845, ordained in Southington, Conn., and in 1847 became pastor of the Unitarian society in Haverhill, Mass. He took charge of the church in Rochester, N. Y., in 1856, but was compelled by the failure of his health to resign in 1859, and returned to his former home in Dedham. He continued to preach and lecture for many years, and constantly contributed to the I >re->. During the civil war his services were given to the hospitals in Washington, D. C. He pub- lished several discourses, which include two fare- well sermons at Southington. Conn. (Boston, 1847).

RICHARDSON. Sir John. Scottish naturalist, b. in Dumfries, Scotland, 5 Nov., 1787; d. near Grasmere, Scotland, 5 June. 1865. He studied in the medical department of the University of Edin- burgh, entered the navy as assistant surgeon in 1807, and was at the taking of Copenhagen. He was surgeon and naturalist to Sir John Franklin in his arctic expeditions in 1819-'22 and 1825-'7, and in the latter, with one detachment of the party, ex- plored the coast east of Mackenzie river to the mouth of Coppermine river. He commanded one of the three expeditions that went in search of Sir John Franklin in 1848, and returned in November, 1849. He retired from the navy in 1855. His most im- portant work is the " Fauna Boreali Americana," i in which he was assisted by William Swainson and William Kirby (4 vols.. London, 1829-'37). He also is the author of the " Arctic Searching Expedition, a Journal of Boat Voyage through Rupert's Land " (2 vols., 1851), and "The Polar Regions " (Edin- burgh. 1861). See his "Life" by the Rev. John ( Mcllraith (1868).

RICHARDSON, John. Canadian author, b. near Niagara Falls, Ont.. in 1797 : d. in the United States about 1863. He served in the Canadian militia during the war of 1812, and was taken prisoner at the battle of the Thames. After his liberation he entered the British army, and served in Spain, attaining the rank of major. He subsequently resided'for several years in Paris, and engaged in literary work. On his return to Canada, in 1840, he established at Brockville, Ont,, " The New Era," which continued two years, and in 1 V 43 he began to publish at Kingston, Ont,, "The Native Canadian." He afterward removed to the United States, continued his literary work, and wrote for the press till his death. Though he was a prolific writer, he does not rank high as an author. His novels are deficient in interest, and his histories are inaccurate. Among other works he published " Ecarte. or the Saloons of Paris" iNt-w j York, 1832); Waoousta, or the I'n.phecy" (1833);