firmed by the senate. lie participated in the bat- tles of Corinth, Port Gibson, Raymond, Jackson, and Champion Hills, and in the assault and siege of Vieksburg. He was designated to lead the ad- vance into the town after the surrender, and super- intended the paroling of the prisoners of war and passing them beyond the lines. This honor was conferred on account of his gallant conduct and that of his command, especially at the battle of Jackson. After October he commanded the dis- trict of southwest Missouri and a brigade and di- vision of cavalry in the field in October and Novem- ber, 1864, and fought the actions of Jefferson City, Booneville. Independence, Big Blue, Little Blue, Osage, Marias des-Cygnes, and Newtonia. He was never defeated by the enemy, and never failed of complete success except in the assault of 22 May at Vieksburg. He conducted a campaign against the Indians of the southwest in the summer and autumn of 1865, opened all the lines of commu- nication to the territories of Colorado and New Mexico, and terminated all hostilities with the Comanche, Kiowa, Cheyenne, Arapahoe, and Apa- ches of the upper Arkansas, by the treaties that he concluded at the mouth of the Little Arkan- sas in October, 1865. After this, in the winter of 1865-'6, under the direction of President Johnson, he adjusted amicably the difficulties growing out of the war between the Cherokees, Choetaws, Chickasaws, Creeks, and Seminoles and their slaves, and declared the slaves of these tribes free. In 180? Gen. Sanborn was designated by congress as one of an Indian peace commission, and with the other commissioners negotiated several treaties which have remained in force and, in connection with the report of that commission, have had a great influence in the amelioration of the condition of the Indians. He has been a member of the house and senate of Minnesota on various occasions.
SANBORN, John Sewell, Canadian judge, b.
in Gilmanton, N. H., 1 Jan., 1819 : d. in Sher-
brooke, Ontario, 18 July, 1877. He was graduated
at Dartmouth in 1842, removed to Canada, and in
1847 was admitted to the bar in Montreal. He was
elected to parliament for Sherbrooke county in
1850, re-elected in 1852 and 1854, and was subse-
quently elected for Compton county, remaining a
member till 1857. In 1863 he was elected for el-
lington county to the legislative council, and he
served until the union of the provinces in 1867,
when he became a member of the Dominion sen-
ate. He resigned this place in 1873, when he was
appointed judge of the superior court at Sher-
brooke by Sir John A. Jlacdonald, to whom he
was politically opposed. In 1874 he became a
judge of the court of queen's bench.
SAN BUENAVENTURA, Gabriel de (san-bway-nah-vain-too'-rah), Spanish missionary, b. in Seville, Spain. He was a monk of the Franciscan order, and spent many years in Yucatan, where he
was still living in 1695. He wrote " Arte de la
lengua Maya" (Mexico, 1684), and was also the
author of a " Vocabulario Maya y Espanol," con-
taining descriptions of the medical and botanical
products of the country, which, at the beginning
of the 19th century, was in the Franciscan convent
of Valladolid. Yucatan, but is now lost.
SAN CARLOS, Jose Miguel, Duke de, Spanish-
American statesman, b. in Lima, Peru, in 1771 : d.
in Paris, France, 17 July. 1828. He was descended
from the ancient family of Carvajal. which since
the time of Charles V. had pos-rrd the hereditary
title of chief courier for the Indies. After com-
pleting his studies at the College of Lima, he went
to Spain at the age of sixteen, and entered on a
military career. He commanded the right of the
allied armies that attacked Toulon in 1793, was
tutor of the king's children in 1797-1801, was ap-
pointed major-domo of Charles IV. in 1805, and
in 180? became viceroy of Navarre. When Ferdi-
nand VII. ascended the throne, he made the Duke
de San Carlos director of his household, and fol-
lowed the advice of his old tutor, and of Escoiquiz,
in submitting to Napoleon. During the king's cap-
tivity the duke labored incessantly for his restora-
tion, and when he had accomplished this object,
in December, 1813, he exercised the functions of
prime minister until in the following November
the influence of his enemies compelled his retire-
ment. He was afterward ambassador at different
courts, and died while representing his govern-
ment at Paris.
SANCHES, Affonso (san'-chess), Portuguese
pilot, b. in Cascaes, Estremadura, about 1430 ; d.
about 1486. According to Francisco Gomara in
his " Ilistoria de las Indias," Abreu e Lima in his
" Synopsis e deduccao chronologica," Ayres de
Cazal in his " Corographia Brasilica," Lisboa in his
" Annaes do Rio de Janeiro," and other historians,
Sanches commanded a caravel, and was trading on
the coast of Africa, when he was forced by winds
and currents toward the west to an unknown land,
where he discovered the mouth of a mighty river,
probably the Amazon, and on his return landed at
some large islands, perhaps Cuba and Santo Do-
mingo. On this homeward journey his caravel was
wrecked near Madeira, or at Porto Santo, where he
was rescued by Columbus, with whom he lived for
the rest of his life, and to whom he left his papers
and the secret of his great discovery, which after-
ward enabled the Genoese navigator to find Ameri-
ca. Although no direct proofs exist as to the truth
of these facts, nothing has yet been discovered to
contradict them, and thus Sanches stands among
the many claimants of the discovery of America.
SANCHEZ, Labrador Jose (san'-cheth), Span-
ish missionary, b. in Guarda, Spain, 19 Sept., 1717;
d. in Ravenna, Italy, in 1799. He entered the Jesuit
order in 1731, went some time afterward to Para-
guay, and was professor of philosophy and theology
in the academy of New Cordova. He abandoned
his professorship to preach to the Indians, among
whom he lived till the expulsion of the Jesuits from
the Spanish colonies. He wrote a dictionary and
grammar of the Ubja dialect, and translated the
catechism into it: also "Paraguay natural ilus-
trado. Noticias de la naturaleza del Pays, con la
explicacion de fenomenos fisicos, generates y par-
ticulares: usos utiles que de sus producciones se
pueden hacer.
SANCHEZ DE AGUILAR, Pedro (san'-cheth), Mexican bishop, b. in Valladolid, Yucatan. 10 April, 1555 ; d. in Santa Cruz, Bolivia, about 1640. He was a descendant of the first conquerors of Yucatan. Sanchez was sent by his father to Mexico, where he studied in the College of San lldefonso, was ordained and graduated as doctor in theology, and was rector of several parishes in Yucatan. He became vicar-general of the bishopric of Yucatan, and in 1617 was sent to Madrid and Rome as commissioner of his province. King Philip III. appointed him to a canonry in the cathedral of La Plata in the province of Charcas, whither he sailed after his return to Mexico, and later he was appointed judge of the Inquisition in Lima. and finally bishop of Santa Cruz. He wrote Informe contra Idolorum Cultores del Obispado de Yucatan" (Madrid. 1619 and 1639); " Cartilla 6 Catecismo de Doctrina Cristiana en Idioma Yucuteco " ; and " Memoria de los primeros Conquis-
