of Ph.D. in 1859. He has published "Studia Phyiea." a series of monographs (Vicuna): "Elenore, a Drama" (Philadelphia. 1862; reissued as The Betrothed," 1805); and " The Miscellaneous Writings of William Sharswood" (vol. i., 1872). besides contributions to scientific journals.
SHATTUCK, Aaron Draper, artist, b. in
Prancestown, N. H., 9 March, 1832. He became
in 1850 the pupil of Alexander Ransom in Bos-
ton, and two years later entered the schools of the
Academy of design, New York. The first picture
that he exhibited at the academy was a "Study
of Grasses and Flowers" (1850). The following
year he was elected an associate, and he became an
academician in 1861. In 1867 he held the post of
recording secretary. His works include " White
Mountains in October " (1868) : Sunday Morning
in New England" (1873); "Sheep and Cattle in
Landscape " (1874) ; "Autumn near Stockbridge "
(1876) ; " Granby Pastures " (1877) ; " Cows by the
Meadow Brook" (1881); "Cattle" (1882);' and
"Peaceful Days" (1884). He invented in 1883-'5
a stretcher-frame with keys, a great improvement
on the olil methods of tightening canvases.
SHATTUCK, George Cheyne, physician, b. in Tetnpleton. Mass., 17 July, 1783; d. in Boston. 18 March, 1854. He was graduated at Dartmouth in
1803 and at the medical department of the University of Pennsylvania in 1807, and became a successful physician in Boston. He was at one time
president of the Massachusetts medical society. Dr. Shattuck, by his will, devised more than $60,000 to charitable objects. He contributed largely
to Dartmouth college, and built its observatory, which he furnished with valuable instruments. "Shattuck school," at Paribault, Minn., a collegiate
boarding-school under the auspices of the Protestant Episcopal church, of which Dr. Shattuck was a liberal patron, was named for him. He received
the degree of LL. D. from Dartmouth in 1853. Dr. Shattuck published two Boylston prize dissertations, entitled "Structure and Physiology of the
Skin " (Boston, 1808) and "Causes of Biliary Secretions" (1808), and "Yellow Fever of Gibraltar in 1828," from the French (1839).
SHATTUCK, Lemuel, author, b. in Ashby,
Mass., 15 Oct., 1793; d. in Boston, 17 Jan., 1859.
He taught in various places, and was a merchant
in Concord, Mass., from 1823 till 1833. He was
afterward a bookseller and publisher in Boston, a
member of the common council of that city, and
for several years a representative in the legislature.
In 1844 he was one of the founders of the New
England historic-genealogical society, and he was
its vice-president for five years. He was also a
member of various similar societies. He
published “History of Concord, Mass.” (Boston, 1835);
“Vital Statistics of Boston” (1841); “The Census
of Boston” (1845); “Report on the Sanitary
Condition of Massachusetts” (1850); and “Memorials
of the Descendants of William Shattuck” (1855).
SHAUBENA, Ottawa chief, b. near Maumee
river, Ohio, about 1775: d. near Morris, Ill., 27
July, 1859. His name is also spelled Shabonee,
Chab-o-neh, Shab-eh-ney, Chamblee, and in other
ways. He served under Tecumseh from 1807
till the battle of the Thames in 1813. In 1810 he
accompanied Tecumseh and Capt. Billy Caldwell
(see Sauganash) to the homes of the Pottawattamies
and other tribes residing in what are now Illinois
and Wisconsin, with the hope of securing the
coöperation of Indian braves in driving the white
settlers out of the country. At the battle of the
Thames he was by the side of Tecumseh when he
fell, and at the death of their leader Shaubena and
Caldwell both lost faith in their British allies, and
never again took sides with them. They soon afterward
met Gen. Lewis Cass at Detroit, and agreed
to submit to the United States. In the effort made
by Black Hawk in February, 1832, to incite the
Pottawattamies and Ottawas to make war against
the whites, Shaubena frustrated his plans, and thus
incurred the hatred of the Sac chief. In early
manhood Shaubena married the daughter of a
Pottawattamie chief, whose village was on the Illinois
river east of the present city of Ottawa. Here he
lived a few years, but removed about twenty-five
miles north, to what is known as Shaubena's grove,
in DeKalb county. There he and his family
resided till 1837, when he was removed to western
Missouri. Unfortunately, his tribe and that of
Black Hawk had reservations near each ether.
War began between them. His eldest son and a
nephew were killed, and Shaubena went back to
his old home in Illinois. After spending three
years in Kansas on a new reservation, he returned
again to Illinois, but found his land occupied by
strangers, who rudely drove him from the grove
that bore his name. The Washington officials had
decided that he forfeited his title when he moved
from his land. Some of his friends subsequently
bought twenty acres for him on Mazon creek, near
Morris, Ill., where he died. He was a superb specimen
of an Indian, See “Life of Shaubena,” by N.
Matson (Chicago, 1878).
SHAVER, George Frederick, inventor, b. in Ripley, Chautauqua Co., N. Y., 4 Nov., 1855. He was educated at the high-school of his native town, and from 1875 till 1879 was in the employ of the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern railroad. He has recently been engaged in the introduction of his improved mechanical telephone, was president of the Consolidated telephone company in 1883-'6, and since 1887 has been vice-president and general manager of the Shaver corporation, which has charge of that and other of his inventions. The principal features of Mr. Shaver's telephone are the manner of carrying the line around curves, and the way in which it is fastened to the diaphragm. His other devices include a self-righting and self-bailing life-boat, which has been tried by the U. S. and Canadian governments, a compound automatic mail-catcher, a dynamophone to enable deaf persons to hear, a type-writer, and an automatic screw-driver.
SHAW, Albert, journalist, b. in New London, Butler co., Ohio, 23 July, 1857. He was graduated at Iowa college in 1879, and then studied history and political science at Johns Hopkins, where he took the degree of Ph. D. in 1884. Since INS:: he has been an editor of the Minneapolis "Tribune." He has published "Local Government in Illinois" (Baltimore, 1883); "Icaria; a Chapter in the History of Communism" (New York, 1884); "Co-operation in a Western City" (Baltimore. 1886); and "The National Revenue" (Chicago, 1888), and is a frequent contributor to periodicals.
SHAW, Albert Duane, consul, b. in Lyme, Jefferson co., N. Y., 27 Dec., 1841. He was educated at St. Lawrence university, Canton, N. Y., served in the 35th New York regiment in 1861-'3, and was elected to the legislature in 1867. He was appointed U. S. consul at Toronto. Canada, in 1 siis, and in 1878 promoted to Manchester, England, where he served till 1885. Mr. Shaw is known for his valuable consular reports to the state department, on foreign manufactures, and tariff and revenue reform. On his retirement from office in Manchester the citizens gave him a public reception in the city-hall, and presented him, through
