SOUDER, Casper (so w'-der), journalist, h. in Philadelphia, Pa.. 8 Nov., 1819: d. there, 21 Oct., ]si;s. He supplemented a common-school educa- tion by private study, and in 1850-'G4 was connect- ed with the Philadelphia "Dispatch," devoting himself specially to local antiquities. In 1853 he also became associated with the " Evening Bulle- tin," of which he was afterward an editor and part proprietor till his death. Mr. Souder was an active supporter of the administration during the civil war. His "History of Chestnut Street," which was published serially, has been praised for trust- worthiness and originality of treatment.
SOULABIE. Louis Ferdinand (soo-lah-bee),
explorer, b. in Pierre-fi tte-Lestatas, Beam, in 1587 :
d. in Bahia in 1656. He became a Jesuit, wa*
sent to labor among the Indians of Brazil, and
was attached for years to the Amazon missions.
His travels in the country, which extended to Napo
river, gave him opportunities to make hydrograph-
ical observations, and he prepared a valuable chart
of the basin of the Amazon, with which he became
thoroughly familiar. In 1637 he became assistant
of Father Cristobal Acufla and accompanied Texei-
ra's expedition, which sailed down the Amazon from
Peru to its mouth. The maps and geographical ob-
servations in Aeuna's narrative, " Descubrimiento
del Rio de las Amazonas " (Madrid, 1641 ), are Soula-
Ijie's work. Soulabie was afterward professor of
theology in the college of the Jesuits at Bahia. He
left inVnanuscript " Historia del descubrimiento y
de la conquista de la America meridional," which
was afterward published (Rome, 1752).
SOULE, Caroline Augusta mthor, b. in Albany, N. Y., 3 Sept., 1824. Her father's
name was Nathaniel White. She was graduated
at Albany female academy in 1841. and on 28
Aug., 1843, married Rev. Henry B. Soule. a Uni-
versalist clergyman, who died in 1851, leaving her
with five children to support. Since that time she
ha* de
ted herself to teaching and to literature.
She was corresponding editor of the ' Ladies' Re-
pository" in Boston from 1855 till 1863, and for
eleven years edited and published " The Guiding
Star," a Sunday-school fortnightly, in New York.
Afterward she was ordained as a minister of the
Universalist church, and in 1879 became its first
foreign missionary. She is now (1898) pastor of a
congregation in Glasgow, Scotland. In a recent
letter Mrs. Soule says: "I have written everything
from a sermon to a song, and done everything
from making sorghum molasses in a log-cabin on
a prairie to preaching three times a Sunday in the
city of London." Besides numerous contributions
to current literature, she has published " Memoir
of Rev. H. B. Soule" (New York, 1852); "Home
Life " (Boston, 1855) ; "The Pet of the Settlement "
(1859); and "Wine or Water" (1861); and edited
for two years " The Rosebud," an annual, to which
she contributed many articles (1854'5).
SOULE, George, educator, b. in Barrington,
Yates co., N. Y., 14 May, 1834.. After the death
of his father in 1838 he" was taken to Illinois by
his mother. He was graduated at Sycamore acad-
emy, 111., in 1852. and'during the next three years
studied medicine, law, and the commercial sciences
in St. Louis, Mo. In 1856 he founded the Soule
commercial and literary college in New Orleans,
La., of which he is still" (1898) president. He was
an officer in the Confederate army from 1862 to
the close of the war, attaining the rank of lieu-
tenant-colonel. He was captured at Shiloli. and
afterward was chief of the labor bureau of Gen.
Kirby Smith's army. Col. Soule is engaged in lec-
turing and writing on educational and social top-
ics, and has held many offices in benevolent and
civic societies. He has published "Practical
Mathematics-" (New Orleans, 1872); a series of
" Philosophic Arithmetics " on a new system (1884) ;
and "Science and Practice of Accounts" (1887).
SOULE. Joshua. M. K. bishop, b. in Bristol,
Me.. 1 Aug.. 1781 ; d. in Nashville. Tenn., 6 March,
1867. His father was a man of great local influ-
ence, went by the name of " Captain Soule." and
was one of the select-men of Bristol. When Joshua
was sixteen he united with the Methodist church,
and about a year later introduced himself to a
Methodist presiding elder and asked that he might
travel with him. Consent being given, he began
his career as " boy preacher." but. though young,
he was tall, dignified, and able, and acquired note
as an opponent of Calvinism, Unitarianism. and
Universalism. He studied hard and made great
progress. When he was but twenty-three he was
placed in charge of the state of Maine as presiding
elder. He was on the committee to draft the
constitution of the delegated general conference,
which, since 1813, has been the fundamental law
of the church. He was a delegate to the general
conference of 1812, and also to that of 1816. At
the latter he was elected book-agent and editor of
the " Methodist Magazine." He did not like these
posts, and had made up his mind not to accept a
re-election ; but in 1820, before that question was
raised, he was elected a bishop. A great debate
had occurred on whether presiding elders should
be elected or. as before, appointed by the bishops.
Mr. Soule was opposed to their election, but the
majority of the conference voted in favor of it.
Having full confidence in his sincerity, they elected
him bishop, but he declined rather than administer
what he believed to be an unconstitutional law, re-
entered the pastorate, and was stationed first in
New York and then in Baltimore. In 1824 the
general conference reversed its action and re-
elected him bishop. These circumstances have no
parallel in the history of the denomination, and
are indisputable proofs of his great ability and
influence. Up to 1842 he continued in the du-
ties of the office, and then visited Great Britain
as a delegate from the general conference of the
United States to the British Wesleyan conference.
In 1844 the general conference was held in New
York. Bishop James 0. Andrew had become complicated with slavery, and the conference passed a
resolution asking him to desist from the exercise
of his functions until this encumbrance should be
removed. It was Bishop Soule's opinion that the
conference had no right to pass such a resolution.
Bishop Andrew declined the proposition, and the
result was a division of the church. Bishop Soule
adhered to the southern members, and when the
Methodist Episcopal church, south, was established
he went with it, and became its senior bishop. In
1848 he visited the general conference of the Mrt h-
odist Episcopal church at Pittsburg, but was not
recognized as a bishop or a delegate, though he was
courteously received as a visitor. At the age of sev-
enty-two he retired from public life. Bishop Soule
was a great man intellectually, of remarkable per-
sonal appearance, dignified and even ostentatious
in bearing, of a strong and imperious will. Had he
been thoroughly educated, and in early life br< nn: lit
into close relations with educated men, his infirmi-
ties, if not eradicated, would have been concealed.
As it was. few men in church or state have exerted
greater intelligence over their contemporaries.
SOULE, Pierre, statesman, b. in Castillon, in the French Pyrenees, in September, 1*02: d. in New Orleans, 26 March, 1870. His father held the
