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had used with great efficacy in f'allao. Modern science has in part adopted Smipi^ theory, which was in his time strongly opposed. Although he was very popular in Paris, his title of physician to the king caused his arrest and subsequently his death during the reign of terror. His works in- clude " Origine et raarche de la peste noire " (Paris. 1779) ; " Le cholera a Callao, son originc. sa inarche. ses progres" (1787); "Coup d'ceil sur les plantes medicinales du Perou et du Chili" (1787): and " Monographic du sang et de ses affections " (1791).

SOUTHAMPTON, Henry Wriothesley, Earl of. English statesman, b. 6 Oct., 1573 ; d. in Holland, 10 Nov.. 1024. In 159(> he served in the expedition of the Earl of Essex to Cadiz, and in 1599 he was general of horse under Essex in Ireland. After seeing further service in Holland, he took part in the insurrection that his former chief headed in London, and was sentenced to death, but pardoned by the queen. He took part in the colonization of this country under Sir Walter Ral- egh, sending out the expedition in the " Concord," under Batholomew Gosnold in 1602, at his own ex- pense, and also interested many others in schemes for developing the New World, including his brother-in-law, Lord Arundel, and the latter's son-in-law, Cecil Calvert, afterward Lord Balti- more. In 1605, with Lord Arundel he despatched an expedition to New England. Though his name does not appear in the first charter of the London company of Virginia, he is credited with the chief part in obtaining it, and in the second charter his name stands next to those of the high officers of state. When his friend. Sir Edwin Sandys, who had converted him to Protestantism, retired from the treasurership of the company (its chief office), Southampton was unanimously chosen in his stead, and he continued the liberal policy of Sandys, re- taining office till the company's charter was taken away. Southampton was a firm supporter of re- ligious liberty, and was imprisoned by the king's order for some time in 1G21 on a charge of corre- sponding with the Independents. After the Vir- ginia company had been suppressed, he commanded a regiment in the Netherlands in the struggle for Dutch independence. In their winter-quarters at Rozendaal he and his son were seized with fever. The latter died, and the earl followed him after recovering sufficiently to reach Bergen-op-Zoom on his way home. Shakespeare dedicated to him his Vi'ims and Adonis" in 1593. and the "Rape of Lucrece " in 1594, and he is the only man from whom the poet acknowledges receiving a benefit.

SOUTHARD, Henry (suth'-ard), .congressman, b. on Long Island, N. Y., in October, 1749: d. in Baskingridge, N. J., 2 June, 1842. The family name was formerly Southworth. His father. Abra- ham, removed to Baskingridge in 1757. The son was brought up on a farm and earned money as a day-laborer to purchase land for himself. He was an active patriot during the Revolution, served in the state house of representatives for nine years, and sat in congress in 1801-'ll and 1815-'21. hav- ing been chosen as a Democrat. Mr. Southard was a man of superior talents and possessed a remarka- ble memory. Until he had passed ninety years he neither wore glasses nor used a staff. His son, Samuel Lewis, senator, b. in Baskingridge. N. J.. 9 June, 1787; d. in Fredericksburg, Va.. 20 June. 1842, was graduated at Princeton in 1804, taught, in his native state, and then went to Virginia as tutor in the family of John Taliaferro. After studying law and being admitted to the bar in that state, he returned to New Jersey and settled at Flemington. He was appointed law-reporter by the legislature in 1814, became associate justice of the state supreme court in 1815, was a presidential elector in 1820. and was chosen to the U. S. senate as a Whig in place of James J. Wilson, who had resigned, serving from 16 Feb., 1821, till 3 March, 1823. In 1821 he met his father on a joint committee, and they vntrd to- gether on the Mis- souri compromise. In September, 1823, he became secre- tary of the navy, and he served till 3 March, 1829, act- ing also as secre- tary of the treasury from 7 March till 1 July, 1825, and taking charge of the portfolio of war for a time. When he was dining with Chief-Justice Kirk- patrick. of New Jer-

sey, soon after his

appointment to the navy, the judge, aware of his ignorance of nautical affairs, said: "Now, Mr. Southard, can you honestly assert that you know the bow from the stern of a frigate f " On his retirement from the secretaryship of the navy in 1829 he became attorney-general of New Jersey, and in 1832 he was elected governor of th state. He was chosen U. S. senator again in 1833, and served till his resignation on 3 May, 1842. In 1841, on the death of President Harrison and the consequent accession of John Tyler, he became president of the senate. He was made a trustee of Princeton in 1822, and in 1833 the University of Pennsylvania gave him the degree of LL. IX Mr. Southard published "Reports of the Supreme Court of New Jersey. 1816-'20 " (2 vols.. Trenton, 1819-'20), and numerous addresses, including a "Centennial Address " (1832), and "Discourse on William Wirt " (Washington. 1834). Samuel Lewis's son, SAMUEL LEWIS, clergyman (1819-'59), was graduated at Princeton in 1836, and took orders in the Protestant Episcopal church. He published " The Mystery of Godliness," a series of sermons (New York, 1848), and single discourses.

SOUTHUATE, Horatio, P. E. bishop, b. in Portland, Me., 5 July, 1812 ; d. in Astoria, L. I., 12 April, 1894. He was graduated at Bowdoin, and went to the Andover seminary, intending to enter the ministry. Two years later he applied for orders in the Episcopal church, and was confirmed in October, 1834. He was ordained deacon in Trinity church, Boston, Mass., 12 July, 1835, by Bishop Griswold, and soon afterward was appointed by the for- eign committee of the board of missions to make an investigation of the state of Mohammedanism in Turkey and Persia. He sailed from New York in April, 1836, and was occupied for five years in this field of research. On his returning to the United States he was ordained priest in St. Paul's chapel, New York city. 3 Oct.. 1839, by Bishop Benjamin T. Onderdonk. He was appointed missionary to Constantinople in 1840. and served for four years in that capacity, during which time he .made a tour through Mesopotamia. The Episcopal church having resolved henceforth to send bishops into the foreign missionary field. Dr. Southgate was consecrated bishop for the dominions and dependencies of the sultan of Turkey, in St. Peter's church,