signed to the Army of the Potomac, and he par-
ticipated in the caiupaigri!! of that army until his
discharge in October. 1864, having attained the
rank of captain in 1863. lie received the brevet
of major in March, 1865. After the war he studied
law, and was admitted to the bar in Philadelphia.
He has been treasurer of the Historical society of
Pennsylvania since 1869. Major Carpenter has
written on military subjects, and published " A
List of the Battles, Engagements. Actions, and
Imiiortant Skirmishes in which the 8th Pennsyl-
rania C'a%-alry participated during the War of
1861-5 '• (PliiladelphiH. 1886).
CARPENTER, Samuel, colonist, b. in Eng- land in 1649: d. in Philatlelphia, Pa.. 10 April, 1714. He early esjMjused the cause of the (Quakers, and,embracing their faith, emigrated from England to Barba<Joes, and in 1683 established himself in Philadelphia. From 1685 till his death he was treasurer of the province. He was a member of the provincial council from 1687 till 1714, and dejiuty governor during William Markham's administra- tion in 1694-"8; also one of the cimimiissioners of pro[)erty to represent William Penn in the man- agement and sale of lands during his absence from the colony. He was ju.stice of the court of com- mon pleas, quarter sessions, and orphan's court of Philadelphia in 1688; one of the overseers of the public school of that town, and a memlier of the provincial assembly in 1689. His name was at the head of the list of councilmon in the first charter of the city of Philadelphia, grunted by Gov. Thomas Llovd in 1691. He was a member of the assembly of JJew .Jprscy, in which province he held large landed interests. Samuel C'arjienter was accounte<l, after William Penn, the richest man in the prov- ince of Pennsylvania. He was extensively inlercst- ed in commerce and shipping, and was the builder and owm-r of mills in Uristol and other places in Pennsvlvania, as well as of dwellinj;!*, warehouses, and wharves in Philadelphia. William IVnn ap- |(ointe<l him by his will a trustee <if his estate in America. — HIsdesoendant.Thonia.H Prpstoii. law- yer, b. in Ola-soboro". N. .1.. 19 April. 18<)4 : d. in <'amden. N. J., 2 .March, 1876, was the son of Ed- ward ('ari^nter. who was the owner of the glass- works at Olassboro' for many years. Edwar<r<licd when the son was (|uile young, and he grew to man- hood in the family of his grandfather, al ('ar|ien- ter's Lan<ling (now Mantua). After obtaining a liberal e<lucation he studicnl jaw. and was admitted as an attorney in Septemlter, 1830. On 26 Oct., 1838, he was ap|K>inte<l prosecutor of the pleas of Gloucester county. He was 8p|)ointed erne of the associate justices of the supreme court of New ,Ier- .sey. On his retirement from the judgeship, after .serving a term of seven years, hedevotpfl himself to the practice of his profession. As a judge of the supreme court he was held in high esteem by his associates and by the l>ar of the state for his ability, learning, and for the uniform goo<l judgment which he brought to the consideration of cases. — Another ili'scendant. John ThoniaH, surgeon, b. in Potts- ville, I'u.. 27 June. IMH:!. His father. James Strat- lon. was an eminent physician. The son was gnul- uated at the University of Pennsylvania in 1852. and in medicine in 18.55. At the'ojjening of the civil war he was commissioned surgeon of the ;}4th Pennsylvania volunteers ; in S<-pteinl>er he was pro- moted brigade surgeon: in Octolwr he was made medical director of .Mc( 'ook's brigade, army of West Virginia; in Hecembcr. medical director in charge of hospitals at Charlestown. W. Va. ; and in ManOi, 1862, in charge of hospitals at Cumberland, .Md. In the following May be became medical director of the Mountain department ; in August, in charge of general hospitals at Cincinnati, Ohio ; in Decem- l)er, medical director of the department of Ohio; in May, 1863. president of the army medical board, Cincinnati, Ohio: and in March, 1864. medical in- spector and superintendent of hospitals in the dis- trict of Kentucky. At the close of the war he settled in the practice of his profession at Potts- ville, Pa. In 1876 he was president of the Schuyl- kill county medical society and a member of the International medical congress, and in 1880 he was president of the medical society of Pennsylvania. Dr. Carpenter is the author of numerous medical papers— on the management of iii.«titutions for the insane, on the cause and prevention of insanity, on the local origin of constitutional diseases, and on the identity of hospital gangrene with diph- theria. The last-named paper was rea<l before the American medical as.<iociation in 1878. and is quoteil by Prof. Hirsch. of Berlin, in his work on '• Geograjihical and Historical Pathology."
CARR, Ezra Slocnni, educator, b. in Stephen- town, Rensselaer Co., X. Y.. 19 March, 1819. He was graduated at the Rensselaer polytechnic insti- tute in KiH. and at once engaged in the New York state geological survey. Meanwhile he also studied medicine and received his degree at Albany med- ical college, and at Castleton medical college in 1842. On graduation he was amiointed professor of chemistry and pharmacy in Castleton medical college, which chair he held until 1854. and in ISJO-'.'iO he gave similar lectures in Philadelphia medical college. In 1851 he was elected profes.sor of chemistry and pharmacy in Albany medical college, which place he held for five years, and was at the same time chemist of the S'ew York state agricultural society. He was called to the chair of chemistry and natural philosoiihy at the I'niversity of Wisconsin in 18.56. where he was ap- |Kiinted a regent of that institution by the legisla- ture, and one of the state commissioners to carry forward the geological survey of the state, in which capatrity "he enriched the university with a complete collection of the soils, minerals, and pro- ductions of Wisconsin, thus forming one of the most perfect cabinets of the kind in the world." Meanwhile, from 1861 till 1865 he was profes-sorof chemistry in Rush medical college. In 1869 he was appointed professor of chemistry and agri- culture in the University of California", which post he held until 1875. also occupying the chair of chemistry in the Toland medical college. He was then electe<l state superintendent of public in- stniction. which post he held for four years, when he retired and settled in southern California. Dr. Carr received the honorary degree of LL. I), from Miildlebury college. He was vice-president of the American medical a-s.sociat ion in 1848, and presi- dent of the Wisconsin medical society for two years. Among his published papers are "Child Culture," "The Genesis of Crime." "Claims and Conditionof Industrial Kilucalion," and "Patrons of Hushandrv on the Pacific Coast."
CARRANZA, Diego (car-rAn-thah). Mexican friar, b. in Jlexico city in 1569; d. in Tehnante- |iec in 1603. He united with the Dominicans in 1577. anil after finishing his studies was sent, in 1587, to Xejuiia, in Oaxaca. to learn the Zapotec language. Tnere he also acquired the Chontal dialect, and resolved to convert the wild tribe of that name which roamed without fixed habitations through the mountains of the southwestern part of the province. Aftertwelve yearsof missionary labor, and founding the Chontal villace of Te- quistlan, he contracted leprosy, and died in a
