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built in the United States, over Dunlap's creek, a tributary of Monongahela river. A company was then organized for the improvement of the channel of the Monongahela, and he became the engineer and afterward a member of the board of managers. On the completion of the improvements to Browns- ville, lie organized the first steamboat line on the river, and also the first fast transportation line iicross the mountains by relays of teams, and thus built up a large carrying trade between the east and west bv wav of the Monongahela and Pitts- burg. In 1849 he established the Adams express across the mountains from Baltimore, effected the consolidation of all the company's lines between Boston and St. Louis and south to Richmond in 1854, and was its president from 1856 till 1863. He was also president of the Pittsburg, Fort Wayne and Chicago railway from 1863 till 1884 ; of the Continental improvement company. Grand Rapids and Indiana railroad company from 1869 till 1874 ; of the Southern railway security company in 1870-'3 ; and of the Northern Pacific railway com- pany in 1871-3. He was appointed brigadier-gen- eral of the Pennsylvania militia.

CASSETT, Alexander Johnson, railway presi- dent, b. in Pittsburg, Pa., 8 Dec, 1839. He- was graduated from the University of Heidelberg and from the Rensselaer polytechnic institute, when he engaged in surveying a railway route in Georgia. In 1861 he entered the service of the Pennsylvania railway as a rodman, rising through the various grades until he retired as vice-president in 1883. Three years later Mr. Cassett became president of the New York, Philadelphia and Norfolk railway, also president of a company formed to build a railway connecting North and South America. In 1899 he succeeded the late Prank Thompson as president of the Pennsylvania railway.

CASTELLANOS, Juan de (cas-tail-yah-nos), Colombian poet, b. in Tunja about 1550. Little is known of his life, but he deserves mention as the author of a valuable collection of biographies in verse of some of the principal persons that figured in the discovery and conquest of Spanisli America. The first part was published under the title of " Primera parte de las Elegias de Varones ilustres de las Indias, compuesta por Juan de Cas- tellanos, benefieiado de la ciudad de Tunja del Nuevo Reino de Granada" (Madrid, 1589), and the second and third parts were found two cen- turies later and printed in 1847.

CATHCART, Charles Murray, governor of Canada, b. in England, 31 Dec, 1783; d. there, 16 July, 1859. He was educated at Eton, and at the age of fifteen entered the army as an ensign. He served on the continent under the Duke of Wel- lington, and at the battle of Waterloo, where he led several charges, three horses were killed under him. He succeeded his father as second Earl Cathcart in 1843, was appointed commander-in- chief of the troops in British North America in , and on the retirement of Lord Metcalfe, in , he assumed the civil government as well. A year later he resigned his military command, re- turned to England, and was then succeeded in his civil office by Lord Elgin. Subsequently he was appointed to the command of the Northern and Midland district of England, which post he retained until 1854. He also served on various important commissions, and was for several years a member of the British parliament.

CATHERWOOD, Mary Hartwell, author, b. in Luray, Ohio, 16 Dec, 1847. She was graduated at the Female college, Granville, Ohio, in 1868, and on 37 Dec, 1887, married James S. Cather- wood, with whom she resides in Hoopeston, 111. Mrs. Catherwobd, who has become one of the most •prominent and pojjular of American novelists, is the author of "Craque-o'-doom " (Philadelphia, 1881); "Rocky Fork" (Boston, 1883); "Old (Jara- van Days" (1884); "The Secrets at Roseladies"(1888); •' The Romance of DoUard " (New York, 1889); "The Bells of Ste. Anne" (Boston, 1889) ; " Story of Tonty " (Chicago, 1889) ; "The Lady of Fort St. John" (Bos- ton, 1891); "We are Seven "(1893); " Old Kaskaskia " (1893); "The White Islander " (New York, 1893); "The Chase of St.-Cas- tin, and other Sto- ries of the French

in the New World"

(Boston. 1894); "The Spirit of an HIinois Town and Little Renault" (Boston, 1897); "The Days of Jeanne d'Arc" (New York, 1897), a beautiful biography; and "The Queen of the Swamp and other Plain Americans" (Boston, 1899).

CATTANI, Gaetano (eat-tah-nee), Italian mis- sionary, b. in Modena, 7 April, 1696; d. in Para- guay, 28 Aug.. 1733. He became a Jesuit, went to Paraguay in 1739, and labored with success among the Indians. He wrote letters to the general of the Jesuits, which were printed in M uratori's work on foreign missions, but are better known by the French version, entitled " Relation des missions du Paraguay" (Paris, 1734).

CAUCHE, Fran^rois (coash), French explorer, b. in Rouen in 1615; d. there about 1660. He was a sailor, visited Madagascar, Brazil, and the West Indies, and led for some time the life of a privateer in the south sea. As he was unable to write, Morisot de Dijon composed the narrative of his travels, and published it under the title " Rela- tion veritable et curieuse de I'lle de Madagascar et du Bresil " (Paris, 1651).

CAVERLY, Robert Boodey, author, b. in Bar- rington, now Strafford, N. II., 19 July, 1806. He studied law at Harvard, practised his profession in Limerick village. Me., and at Lowell, Mass. Before he removed from New Hampshire he served as inspector in the state militia, with the rank of colonel, on the staff of the major-general. He is the author of " Synopsis of the Court-Martial of Forty Days" (Lowell. 1858); "The Merrimack and its Incidents: An Epic Poem" (Boston. 1866); " Heroism of Hannah Dunston. together with the Indian Wars of New England" (Boston, 1875); " Genealogy of the Caverly Family" (Lowell, 1880) ; "History of the Indian Wars of New England: Life ami Labors of John Eliot, the Apostle among the Indian Nations of New England, with an Ac- count of the Eliots in England " (3 vols., 1882).

CAVO, Andres (cilh-vo). Mexican historian, b. in Guadalajara in 1739 ; d. in Rome in the be- ginning of the 19th century. He entered the so- ciety of Jesus in Mexico in 1759. and had been sent to the missions of the northwest, when the decree of expulsion of his order in 1767 forced him to abandon his country. He settled in Rome, where he gave his leisure to the study of Mexican