1868.] Plumbing. 143 ters, the sash with weights, &c. B B are the walls. C is the section through the wall, the sash and the head, showing the sill of the window-frame and a por- tion of the sub-sill. D, the elevation of the window, with one-half of the shutters closed. Two of the shutter-flaps are Venetian pivot-blinds, and the jamb- shutter is paneled and moulded, while all are cut at the meeting-rails of the sash. E the sash. F F the blinds, as last referred to. G the jamb-shutter. H, the same, when shut within the soffit. I, the face of the elbow below the shut- ters. J the panel-back below the sill, with the sub of the washboard along the floor. K the face of the washboard, with sub and moulding on the top, as they connect and member with the architrave, and form part of the same. L L the architrave, as continued round the win- dow, with circular corners, in place of the mitred angles commonly used. The quadrant is cut from a circle, turned in a lathe to the exact transverse-sectional form of the architrave-frame, from which three of these corner-pieces can readily be cut. Where many of the same kind are to make, this is practical economy ; although, should the joiner choose to glue four separate pieces of wood, square in cross-section, together, with paper in the glue-joints, to form his corner blocks, and get the turner to centre the blocks very truly, he will, of course, have four corner-pieces from each block already fitted. In either case, this method makes a butt-joint, which is less liable to shrink than a mitre. As a com- pensative, however, the stjde, through rounding the angles, is rendered femi- nine ; true masculine boldness of finish in this particular abiding only in the mitre-joint. To return to and finish our figure, almost lost to view in this digression. M is a transverse section of the head and the architrave conjoined. PLUMBING. By William G. Rhoads.* A MO'N'G the many conveniences and -L±- luxuries, which have of late 3-ears been introduced into dwellings, perhaps there are none more important, than those for insuring a well-arranged and thorough supply of water ; and few to which so small a part of the attention of architects has been directed. When a beautiful book-case, or cen- tre-table, has been designed, or a column modelled, in exquisite proportions, it stands fixed in its place; and is scarcely liable to damage or accident. Respect- ing either, we are not compelled to con- sider the effect of motion ; but in WATER SUPPLY AND DRAINAGE, this is an element of the first importance. Every part is worn, more or less, by use ; and the result of defective or injured parts is often to damage walls, ceilings and carpets handsomely decorated. This is
- McCollin & Rhoadn. Plumbers and Steam
not necessary. The plumbing in a house can be done in such a way, as to avoid any probable accident ; and to this sub- ject, the attention of architects and others is called. In a subsequent arti- cle, we hope to refer to the proper arrangement of water-pipes in buildings, for protection from frost ; prevention of the danger from expansion and contrac- tion in hot-water pipes ; security against damage from leaks ; and adaptability to facile repairing. The earliest mode of water-supply was to have water-pots of stone, or other material, standing in some convenient place ; and these were kept full by the members of a family, or the servants, carrying water, from springs or wells, in buckets, or water-bags. The water was taken from wells, either by buckets, or by cutting away one side of the well, Fitters, No. 1221 Market street, Philadelphia.
