1869.] Descriptions. 635 and 23 inches in diameter, is placed above the cooking-range — the heat being sup- plied through circulating pipe from a water-back, behind one of the range fires — and is abundant for all purposes. The supply of hot water for the wards is derived from six iron tanks, placed in the most convenient points in the cellar, in which situations they are easily accessible, while leakages can do little injury to the building. The heat is de- rived from steam coils coming from the summer pipe — as it is called — used for cooking and all other purposes, except warming the building. The large steam- boilers, at the engine-house, are supplied with hot water by the condensed steam used in heating, which ordinarily re- turns to them hy gravity ; but when it does not, is received into an iron tank, and forced into them by a small steam- pump. The laundry has hot water from a large tank — placed in the oven which covers the boilers, through which the exhaust steam, from the engines and pumps, can be made to pass whenever desired — which may be also used for feeding the large boilers. Lighting. — The hospital is lighted by gas from the City Works. The fine metre, from Code, Hopper & Gratz, is set up in the engine-room; and a record is made every morning of the consump- tion during the preceding night. Stop- cocks are placed at convenient points for checking the flow of gas through the main pipes ; and the ordinary kinds of fixtures have been adopted throughout the building. The gas is also used for experimental purposes in the lecture- room, and for boiling water, &c, in the medical office. Heating and Ventilation. — There is no fire used in any part of the hospital for heating, although provision for open fires has been made in all the parlors and in many of the other large rooms, should such an arrangement ever be deemed desirable. The only fires kept up in the building are those in the kitchens, bake and ironing-rooms. In the boiler-room at the engine-house there are three large tubular boilers. Each of these has a furnace 5 feet 3 inches wide by 5 feet 3 inches long, and 7 feet 4 inches high. The shell is 17 feet 8 inches long, by 4 feet six inches in diam- eter. Combustion chamber 4 feet long, and 98 tubes, 2^ inches in diameter and 11 feet long. The total heating surface for each is 744 square feet. The grate surface is 20 ^ square feet. The escaping gases enter a common flue ; and the draught can be regulated, by a damper at the back end of each boiler ; or the supply of air graduated, by a register in the ash-pit door. These boilers furnish steam for warm- ing the entire hospital, driving all the machinery, pumping water, ventilation, washing, cooking, etc. They are so ar- ranged, that one or all may be used at pleasure, either for heating, or driving the machinery. The steam, carried from them, in a five-inch welded iron pipe, after reaching the hospital building, is distributed in eighty-three air-chambers, placed in its cellar, with direct flues leading from them to the apartments above. The gases from the boiler fires pass through an underground flue, 4 feet wide and 6 feet high, a distance of 557 feet, rising 31 feet in its course, till it comes to the foot of the main chim- ney, which is 78 feet above the surface of the ground. The chimney is built double, the interior being round, formed of hard brick, without pargeting, six feet in diameter in the clear from bottom to top, the latter being formed of cast- iron, while the foundation is of pointed stone-work, to a height of eleven feet, and the remainder of pressed brick. The underground flue, alluded to, contains the main steam-pipe, until it reaches the nearest point of the building, and also that portion of it which is carried to the north section of the hospital ; and is im- mediately over the main culvert. This chimney is made the ventilating power, for securing a strong downward draught of air, through all the water-
