trict One of these was "Khaḳân al-Jabal" [lord of the mountain] who bore the title "Ṣâḥib as-Sarîr"[1] [holder of the throne] and was named Wahrârzân-shâh. Another was the king of Filân surnamed Filân-shâh. Others were Ṭabarsarân-shâh, the king of al-Lakz—surnamed Jarshân-shâh—the king of Masḳaṭ (whose kingship has been abolished), the king of Lirân—surnamed Lirân-shâh—and the king of Sharwân called Sharwân-shâh. He also made the chief of Bukh[2] its king, and the chief of Zirîkirân its king. The kings of Jabal al-Ḳabaḳ[3] he left over their kingdoms and made terms with them, stipulating that they pay an annual tribute.
Thus Armenia was in the hands of the Persians until the appearance of Islam, at which time many Siyâsîjûn abandoned their forts and cities which fell into ruins. The Khazar and Greeks thus got possession of what was once in their hands.
Ḳâlîḳala. At a certain period, the Greek princes were scattered about and some of them became like Mulûk aṭ-Ṭawâʾif,[4] and one ruled over Armaniyâḳus. After the death of the latter, his wife succeeded him and her name was Ḳâli.[5] She built the city of Ḳâlîḳala[6] which she named Ḳâlîḳâlah. The meaning of the word is "the benevolence of Ḳâli." She set her picture on one of the city gates. The Arabs arabicized Ḳâlîḳâlah into Ḳâlîḳala.
Ḳâlîḳala reduced. When ʿUthmân ibn-ʿAffân became caliph, he wrote to Muʿâwiyah, his ʿâmil over Syria and
