PAGGI— PALMA. 117 image of his own conntenance, im- pressed on the cloth with which He wiped his face. {Soprani.) PAGNI, Benedetto, of Pescia, painted from about 1520 to about 1560. Lombard School. The scholar and assistant of Giulio Romano. He assisted that master in his works in Rome, and in the Palazzo del Te, at Mantua. Pagni painted an altar-piece in the church of Sant' Andrea, at Mantua, representing the Martyrdom of San Lorenzo, which is considered his best work. He painted also some frescoes in Pescia : in the cathedral there is the Marriage at Cana by him. ( Vasari.) PALMA, Jagofo, called II Giovane, h. at Venice, 1544 ; d. 1628. Venetian School. He was the son and scholar of Antonio, and the great nephew of the elder Palma. He studied and copied the works of Tintoretto and Titian at Venice ; and those of Michel- angelo, Raphael, and Polidoro da Garavaggio at Rome. He acquired some qualities of all these painters, thoroughly carrying out the principle of eclecticism. In some respects the younger Palma was possessed of the highest ability, many of his pictures being beautiful in their drawing and in their details, especially in the heads; but neglecting generally the higher pur- poses of the art for the sake of despatch and force, or the colpeggian' of the Ve- netians, for the '* pronto guadagno" his execution became sketchy and careless, as in some of the works of his model, Tintoretto, and his manner mechanical though skilful. Lanzi terms him the last of the good age and the first of the bad, of the Venetian School. The remarkable bravura of his pictures, which are extremely numerous, doubt- less contributed to the decline of the art in Venice ; manner now supplanted nature. Tet some of his works were so excellent that Guido and Guercino, says Boschini, upon seeing one of them exclaimed, *' What a pity that such a painter should ever have died !" Zanetti describes pictures by the younger Palma in seventy - four churches and saloons of the pubhc buildings of Venice; and they are numerous in many galleries out of Venice. Many of his pictures have been removed from the churches to the Venetian Academy, but some of his best works are still in the Bucal Palace : as the Last Judgment, in the Sala dello Scrutinio ; and others in the Sala del Maggior Gonsiglio, including the River Fight of the Venetians under Bembo, with the Milanese under Pacino Eustachio, near Cremona, when the Venetians gained a complete vic- tory : it is called the '* quaddro dei Burchi." Palma etched many plates. iJRidolfi^ Zanetti.) PALMA, Jacopo, called Ix Vecchio, h. at Serinalta, near Bergamo, about 1480, living in 1521. Venetian School. He was called II Vecchio to distinguish him afterwards from his grand nephew of the same name, and with whom he has been confounded. He arrived in Venice in the early part of the sixteenth century, when Titian had attained his great reputation, and he was in some measure the scholar of that great painter. The early works of Palma resemble those of Bellini, but he eventually adopted the cinquecento enlargement of style, then thoroughly established by Giorgione and Titian, at Venice; and his later works bear much the resemblance to those of Giorgione. His heads have in his early works a somewhat , antiquated severity. In his later productions his figures are distinguished by a certain vivacity, and much sweetness and deli- cacy of expression : he excelled in figures of the Virgin and Saints, and his own daughters, especially the beautiM Violante, are supposed to have been bis
