His interests were entirely domestic; he continued the proscription of the Christians and began the policy of isolation. His mausoleum, like that of his grandfather Iyeyasu, is at Nikkō. (See the Index.)
Iyeyasu (1542—1616), the first Tokugawa Shōgun, began his career under Nobunaga and Hideyoshi, though at one time he was opposed to the latter. He was pledged by Hideyoshi to protect the interests of the latter' s son, but, disregarding the promise, he secured control for himself, winning his final victory in 1600 at Seki-ga-hara. In 1590 he had made Yedo the capital of the district over which Hideyoshi had appointed him as ruler, and he now established there the military seat of the nation. As he belonged to the Minamoto clan, he received the title of Shōgun in 1603; and while he manipulated the feudatories so as to prevent them from combining against his autocracy, on the other hand he secluded the Emperor from all contact with the outside world, and deprived him of everything but the semblance of power. He interested himself in internal improvements, patronised the arts and literature, and left a "legacy" of maxims and rules of conduct, which, however, cannot be considered as a code of laws according to the modern conception of that term. Although he resigned in favour of his son in 1605, he continued to exercise the real authority during the remainder of his life. He is worshipped under the name of Tosho or Gongen Sama, and his mausoleum at Nikkō is one of the show places of Japan. (See the Index.)
Jimmu, the mythical first mortal ruler of Japan, was the great-grandchild of Ninigi (q. v. in the list of Gods), and therefore fifth in descent from the Sun Goddess. The legend gives 660 B.C. as the date of his accession, and conducts him through a series of military enterprises and miraculous occurrences. (See the Index.)
Jingo, a legendary female ruler, is said to have concealed the death of her husband, the Emperor Chuai, and to have governed as regent from 201 to 270. She is credited with a successful invasion of Korea, during the three years of which she held the future Emperor Ōjin in her womb. It is probably because of this fact that Ōjin is worshipped as the God of War, Hachiman. (See the Index.)
Kat'ō Kiyomasa, one of Hideyoshi's generals, was, like his commander, of low birth. His exploits in Korea and his persecution of the Christians made him a popular hero. He is worshipped under the name of Sei Shōkō.
Kido Takayoshi (1833—1877), one of the Chōshiu reformers, wrote the address to the Throne which secured the abolition of the feudal system, was a Privy Councillor in the new government and one of
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