INDEX
- 116, 121, 134; as substitute for money, 117; beginning of private ownership, 135; rise of great estates, 161; seizure for debt, 161, 163; measurement, ii. 117, 281; crop measurement, 117, 281; selling of, forbidden, iv. 99–101; modern agricultural ownership, v. 16; deeds of sale, vi. 140. See also Agriculture, Taxation.
- Language, effect of introduction of Chinese ideographs, i. 77–80; possibilities, ii. 148.
- Laws, severity of ancient, i. 68; ancient codes, 105; principles of early feudal, iv. 53; Tokugawa reforms, 54, 137; modern codes, 69–72. See also Diet, Sumptuary laws.
- Lawyers, prototypes, iv. 73; modern, 73–75.
- Legends, origin of Japan, i. 1; origin of the race, 6, 27–35, 81; origin of worship, 57; piety of empress Komyo, 251; origin of the five festivals of the seasons, vi. 61, 233. See also Superstitions.
- Legislation. See Diet, Laws.
- Light, artificial, in Heian epoch, i. 206, in Military epoch, ii. 105; Japanese lanterns, 105.
- Literature, borrowings from China, i. 151; satire of Military epoch, iii. 61–64; revival of native, 143–145, 155, 156. See also Drama, Poetry.
- Loans, ancient regulations, i. 121, vi. 141; forced public, ii. 122, iii. 161; mediæval regulations, ii. 122, vi. 150, 155, 199, 239; governmental annulment of private debt, ii. 123, vi. 200; to feudal lords, 179, 180. See also Pawnbroking.
- Local government, responsible group of families, i. 112, 119, 231, iv. 48, 92; duties of the shogunate magistrates and deputies, 30; of Yedo, 47, 93; provincial, 48; changes in modern times, 193, 196, 224; elective assemblies, 227; modern administration, v. 96–101, 253, 254. See also Feudalism, Police.
- Loochoo Islands, acquisition, i. 2, 3; claims to, v. 41–43.
- Loyalty to sovereign, ii. 201–206, 211, 284. See also Patriotism.
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- Mabuchi, political philosopher, iii. 169; and "pure" Shintō, v. 172.
- Macleod, Mr., on origin of Japanese, i. 36.
- Magistrates of Tokugawa shogunate, iv. 30.
- Manners. See Customs, Etiquette.
- Manufactures, early influence of China, i. 81, 106; early official encouragement, 117, 236; development of lacquer industry, 125; modern development, vi. 217–221; difficulties of inexperience, 225–227, 241. See also Trade.
- Marriages, ancient conception, i. 61; incestuous, 104; marriageable age, 112; procedure under Taikwa reforms, 113; betrothal customs in Nara epoch, 150; of serfs, 242,
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