YUGOSLAVIA (Continued)
Imports: $15.1 billion (c.i.f., 1980); 71% raw materials and semimanufactures, 19% equipment, 10% consumer goods
Major trade partners: 62% non-Communist countries; 38% Communist countries, of which 25% USSR (1981)
Monetary conversion rate: 38.7 dinars=US$1 (November 1981)
Fiscal year: same as calendar year (all data refer to calendar year or to middle or end of calendar year as indicated)
COMMUNICATIONS
Railroads: 9,465 km total; 9,465 km standard gauge (1.435 m); 891 km double track; 3,167 km electrified (1980),
Highways: 155,842 km total; 56,655 km asphalt, concrete, stone block; 38,642 km asphalt treated, gravel, crushed stone; 20,545 km earth (1980)
Inland waterways: 2,600 km (1978)
Freight carried: rail—84.9 million metric tons, 25.0 billion metric ton/km (1980); highway—201.7 million metric tons, 19.0 billion metric ton/km (1980); waterway—26.0 million metric tons, 5.0 billion metric ton/km (excluding international transit traffic)
Pipelines: 1,373 km crude oil; 2,760 km natural gas; 150 km refined products
Ports: 9 major (most important: Rijeka, Split, Koper, Bar, and Ploce), 24 minor; principal inland water port is Belgrade (1979)
Airfields: 124 total, 109 usable; 41 with permanent-surface runways, 20 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 22 with runways 1,220-2,439 m
DEFENSE FORCES
Military manpower: males 15-49, 5,968,000; 4,814,000 fit for military service; 188,000 reach military age (19) annually
Military budget: announced for fiscal year ending 31 December 1981, 102 billion dinars; about 5.8% of national income
ZAIRE
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| (See reference map VII) |
LAND
2,343,950 km2; 22% agricultural land (1% cultivated), 45% forested, 33% other
Land boundaries: 9,902 km
WATER
Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm
Coastline: 37 km
PEOPLE
Population: 30,289,000 (July 1982), average annual growth rate 2.8%
Nationality: noun—Zairian(s); adjective—Zairian
Ethnic divisions: over 200 African ethnic groups, the majority are Bantu; four largest tribes—Mongo, Luba, Kongo (all Bantu), and the Mangbetu-Azande (Hamitic) make up about 45% of the population
Religion: 60% Christian, 35% animist, 5% other
Language: French, English, Lingala, Swahili, Kikongo, and Chiluba are all classified as official languages
Literacy: 5% fluent in French, about 35% have an acquaintance with French
Labor force: about 8 million, but only about 13% in wage structure
GOVERNMENT
Official name: Republic of Zaire (until October 1971 known as Democratic Republic of the Congo)
Type: republic; constitution establishes strong presidential system
Capital: Kinshasa
Political subdivisions: eight regions and federal district of Kinshasa
Legal system: based on Belgian civil law system and tribal law; new constitution promulgated February 1978; legal education at National University of Zaire; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
