CHINA (Continued)
Major industries: iron and steel, coal, machine building, armaments, textiles, petroleum
Shortages: complex machinery and equipment, highly skilled scientists and technicians, electricity
Crude steel: 34.48 million metric tons produced, 30 kg per capita (1979)
Electric power: 66,000,000 kW capacity (1980); 301.0 billion kWh produced (1980), 290 kWh per capita
Exports: $13.8 billion (f.o.b., 1979); agricultural products, oil, minerals and metals, manufactured goods
Imports: $14.5 billion (c.i.f., 1979); grain, chemical fertilizer, steel, industrial raw materials, machinery and equipment
Major trade partners: Japan, Hong Kong, US, West Germany, Romania, Australia, Canada, UK, France, USSR (1979)
Monetary conversion rate: as of 9 September 1980, about 1.46 yuan=US$1 (arbitrarily established)
Fiscal year: calendar year
COMMUNICATIONS
Railroads: networks total about 52,500 route km common-carrier lines; about 600 km meter gauge (1.00 m); rest standard gauge (1.435 m); all single track except 9,345 km double track on standard gauge lines; approximately 1,520 km electrified; about 10,000 km industrial lines (gauges range from 0.762 to 1.435 m)
Highways: about 890,000 km all types roads; almost half (about 350,000 km) unimproved natural earth roads and tracks; about 280,000 km improved earth roads about 2- to 5-meters wide and in poor to fair condition; remainder (about 260,000 km) includes majority of principal roads
Inland waterways: 169,000 km; 40,200 km navigable by modern motorized craft
Ports: 21 major, approximately 180 minor
Airfields: 372 total; 270 with permanent-surface runways; 10 with runways 3,500 m and over; 66 with runways 2,500 to 3,499 m; 230 with runways 1,200 to 2,499 m; 62 with runways less than 1,200 m; 2 seaplane stations; 4 airfields under construction
DEFENSE FORCES
Military manpower: males 15-49, 274,548,000; 153,482,000 fit for military service; 11,372,000 reach military age (18) annually
COLOMBIA
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LAND
1,139,600 km2; settled area 28% consisting of cropland and fallow 5%, pastures 14%, woodland, swamps, and water 6%,urban and other 3%; unsettled area 72%—mostly forest and savannah
Land boundaries: 6,035 km
WATER
Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (economic including fishing 200 nm)
Coastline: 2,414 km
PEOPLE
Population: 26,631,000 (July 1982), average annual growth rate 1.6%
Nationality: noun—Colombian(s); adjective—Colombian
Ethnic divisions: 58% mestizo, 20% Caucasian, 14% mulatto, 4% Negro, 3% mixed Negro-Indian, 1% Indian
Religion: 95% Roman Catholic
Language: Spanish
Literacy: 72-75% of population over 15 years old
Labor force: 5.9 million (1973); 30% agriculture, 15% industry, 19% services, 13% commerce/hotels, 18% other (1973); 18.5% unemployment (1979)
Organized labor: 13% of labor force (1968)
GOVERNMENT
Official name: Republic of Colombia
Type: republic; executive branch dominates government structure
Capital: Bogotá
Political subdivisions: 22 departments, 3 Intendants, 5 Commissariats, Bogota Special District
Legal system: based on Spanish law; religious courts regulate marriage and divorce; constitution decreed in 1886, amendments codified in 1946 and 1968; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
