FINLAND (Continued)
Shortages: fossil fuels; industrial raw materials, except wood, and iron ore
Crude steel: 2.3 million metric tons produced (1978), 480 kg per capita
Electric power: 11,100,000 kW capacity (1980); 38.5 billion kWh produced (1980), 8,050 kWh per capita
Exports: $14.1 billion (f.o.b., 1980); timber, paper and pulp, ships, machinery, iron and steel, clothing and footwear
Imports: $15.6 billion (c.i.f., 1980); foodstuffs, petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, transport equipment, iron and steel, machinery, textile yarn and fabrics
Major trade partners: (1979) 38% EC-nine (12% West Germany, 11% UK); 17% USSR, 15% Sweden; 5% US
Aid: donor—bilateral economic aid commitments (ODA), $290 million (1970-79)
Budget: (1979) expenditures $10.88 billion, revenues $9.61 billion
Monetary conversion rate: Finnmark (Fim) 3.7301=US$1 (1980 average, IMF)
Fiscal year: calendar year
COMMUNICATIONS
Railroads: 6,038 km total; Finnish State Railways (VR) operate a total 6,010 km 1.524-meter gauge, 477 km multiple track, and 608 km electrified; 22 km 0.750-meter gauge and 6 km 1.524-meter gauge are privately owned
Highways: about 73,552 km total in national classified network, including 31,000 km paved (bituminous, concrete, bituminous-treated surface) and 42,552 km unpaved (stabilized gravel, gravel, earth); additional 29,440 km of private (state subsidized) roads
Inland waterways: 6,597 km total (including Saimaa Canal); 3,700 km suitable for steamers
Pipelines: natural gas, 161 km
Ports: 11 major, 14 minor
Civil air: 40 major transport
Airfields: 173 total, 173 usable; 43 with permanent-surface runways; 20 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 23 with runways 1,220-2,439 m
Telecommunications: good telecom service from cable and radio-relay network; 2.24 million telephones (47.0 per 100 popl.); 15 AM, 87 FM, and 143 TV stations; 3 submarine cables
DEFENSE FORCES
Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,289,000; 1,092,000 fit for military service; 36,000 reach military age (17) annually Military budget: proposed for fiscal year ending 31 December 1982, $750 million; about 5.3% of proposed central government budget
FRANCE
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LAND
551,670 km2; 35% cultivated, 26% meadows and pastures, 14% waste, urban, or other, 25% forested
Land boundaries: 2,888 km
WATER
Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (fishing 200 nm; exclusive economic zone 200 nm)
Coastline: 3,427 km (includes Corsica, 644 km)
PEOPLE
Population: 54,174,000 (July 1982), average annual growth rate 0.4%
Nationality: noun—Frenchman (men); adjective—French
Ethnic divisions: 45% Celtic; remainder Latin, Germanic, Slav, Basque
Religion: 83% Catholic, 2% Protestant, 1% Jewish, 1% Muslim (North African workers), 13% unaffiliated
Language: French (100% of population); rapidly declining regional patois—Provençal, Breton, Germanic, Corsican, Catalan, Basque, Flemish
Literacy: 97%
Labor force: 20.5 million (September 1979); 47% services, 35% industry, 9% agriculture, 9% unemployed
Organized labor: approximately 17% of labor force, 23% of salaried labor force
GOVERNMENT
Official name: French Republic
Type: republic, with President having wide powers
Capital: Paris
Political subdivisions: 96 metropolitan departments, 21 regional economic districts
Legal system: civil law system with indigenous concepts; new constitution adopted 1958, amended concerning election of President in 1962; judicial review of administrative
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