Contents. xiii PAGE Naples occupied. Flight of Ferrantino. Death of Jem. League of States against Charles. Louis of Orleans at Asti 115 Retreat of the French. Battle of Fornovo, 1495 116 The French reach Asti. Charles returns to France. Results of cam- paign. Ferrantino recovers Naples. French generals forced to surrender, 1496 117 Federigo succeeds. Death of Charles VIII, 1498. Expedition of Maximilian, 1496 118 Maximilian attacks Florence, fails to take Livorno. Accession of Louis XII of France, 1498. Designs upon Milan 119 Treaty with Venice, 1499. Difficulties of Ludovico 120 French invasion, 1499. Ludovico abandons Milan. Louis at Milan . 121 Revolt of the duchy. Return of Ludovico, 1500. French reconquest . 122 Capture of Ludovico and his brother. French predominance in Italy. Designs upon Naples 123 Agreement with the King of Aragon ; joint invasion, 1501 ; the kingdom overrun ............ 124 Disputes of France and Spain in Naples. War breaks out. Victories of Gonzalo. The French confined to a few forts, 1502 .... 125 Negotiations with Philip of Austria. Efforts to recover the kingdom. Death of Alexander VI, 1503 126 The French defeated on the Garigliano, 1503. Treaties of Louis with Maximilian, Philip, Ferdinand. Interview of Ferdinand and Louis at Savona, 1507 127 Accession of Julius II, 1503 ; his acquisitions ; his patience ; he takes Bologna, and overawes Perugia, 1506 128 Troubles in Genoa. Expedition of Louis, 1507. Submission of Genoa . 129 Ferdinand and Louis plot against Venice. The enemies of Venice . . 130 Maximilian attacks Venice, 1508. Truce with Venice. France offended. League of Cambray, 1508 131 Venetian preparations. French advance. Victory of Agnadello, 1509 . 132 Venice bows to the storm. Padua re-occupied. Maximilian besieges Padua 133 Siege raised. Venice makes terms with Julius, 1510. The Swiss . . 134 They are won over by the Pope ; futile invasion, 1510. Council summoned by Louis to Pisa, for 1511. Activity of Julius .... 135 Reverses. Lateran Council. League with Venice and Spain, 1511; new Swiss invasion foiled. Gaston de Foix 136 Campaign and battle of Ravenna, 1512. Death of Gaston. Results . 137 The Swiss drive out the French, 1512. Successes of Julius. Massimiliano Sforza at Milan 138 Difficulties of the Pope; his death, 1513. Campaign of Novara, 1513. The French defeated by the Swiss 139 End of the reign of Louis XII, 1515. The forces of Francis I cross the Col d'Argentiere, 1515 ... 140 Campaign and battle of Marignano ........ 141 The war brought to an end, 1516. Results ...... 142 Effects upon art. Development of tactics. Italian influence beyond the Alps 143
