xxx Contents. Corrupt administration of justice. Litigation concerning benefices. Sale of cardinalates . . 671 The Papacy for sale. Corruption of Avignon and Rome .... 672 Superstitious reverence for the external symbols of religion. Divorce of religion and morality . . . . . . . . . 673 Decline of morality among the clergy. Hans Boheim . . . . 674 Cahiers of the Spanish Cortes. Anticlerical literature, c. 1500 . . 675 The preaching of the Friars. Foulques de Neuilly, Thomas Connecte, &c. . 676 The Councils. Lateran Council, 1512-7 . . . . r . . . 677 Its inadequate results. The Curia regarded as past reform . . . 678 The New Learning and the humanistic movement. Paganistic and heretical fancies . . . . . . . . . . . . 679 More serious questionings. Heimburg, Rucherath, Wessel . . . 680 Laillier, Vitrier, Langlois, Lefevre d'Etaples. Freedom of exegesis . . 681 Pirckheimer. Erasmus escapes condemnation. Forerunners of Luther. Staupitz . . . 682 The NarrenscMff of Brant 683 Reuchlin and Pfefferkorn. Epistolae Obscurorum Virorum. Invention of printing ............ 684 Dissemination of translations of the Bible and of heretical literature. Censor- ship of the press 685 Academies, societies, and secret associations. Germany predestined as tho field of battle 686 Teutonic independence. Ancient rancour against the Papacy. Subjection of the Church in Germany. Concordat, 1448 687 The Concordat violated. Opposition to papal exactions. Diether of Mainz and the question of annates, 1459- ....... 688 Nicholas of Cusa. Complaints at Cobleuz in 1479 689 The grievances of 1610. Maximilian. Lack of single authority in Germany 690 Abuses only to be removed by the Reformation 691 Causes of the change of spirit 692
