at the temple, the head and carcase being placed in front of the image. The witness steps over the carcase, and this forms the oath. If the evidence is false, it is believed that some evil will happen to him."
The name Badaga or Vadugan means northerner, and the Badagas are believed to be descended from Canarese colonists from the Mysore country, who migrated to the Nīlgiris three centuries ago owing to famine, political turmoil, or local oppression in their own country. It is worthy of notice, in this connection, that the head of the Badagas, like that of the Todas and Kotas, is dolichocephalic, and not of the mesaticephalic or sub-brachy-cephalic type, which prevails throughout Mysore, as in other Canarese areas.
| Average. | Average. | Average. | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cephalic length cm. | Cephalic breadth cm. | Cephalic index. | |
| Badaga | 18.9 | 13.6 | 71.7 |
| Toda | 19.4 | 14.2 | 73.3 |
| Kota | 19.2 | 14.2 | 74.1 |
Of the Mysorean heads, the following are a few typical examples: —
| Average. | Average. | Average. | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cephalic length cm. | Cephalic breadth cm. | Cephalic index. | |
| Ganiga | 18.5 | 14.3 | 77.6 |
| Bēdar | 18.3 | 14.3 | 77.7 |
| Holeya | 17.9 | 14.1 | 79.1 |
| Madhya Brahman | 18.5 | 14.8 | 80.2 |
| Vakkaliga | 17.7 | 14.5 | 81.7 |
Concerning the origin of the Badagas, the following legend is current. Seven brothers and their sisters were living on the Talamalai hills. A Muhammadan
