| (e) Ashtasahasram. | (i) Kāniyalai. |
| (f) Dīkshitar. | (j) Sankēthi. |
| (g) Shōliar. | (k) Prathamasāki. |
| (h) Mukkāni. | (l) Gurukkal. |
| A. Vadagalai (northerners). | B. Thengalai (southerners). |
|---|---|
| (a) Sri Vaishnava. | (a) Sri Vaishnava. |
| (b) Vaikhānasa. | (b) Vaikhānasa. |
| (c) Pāncharatra. | (c) Pāncharatra. |
| (d) Hebbar. | (d) Hebbar. |
| (e) Mandya. |
I. Smartha — (a) Vadama. — The Vadamas claim to be superior to the other classes, but will dine with all the sections, except Gurukkals and Prathamasākis, and, in some places, will even eat with Prathamasākis. The sub-divisions among the Vadamas are: —
- 1. Chōladēsa (Chōla country).
- 2. Vadadēsa (north country).
- 3. Savayar or Sabhayar.
- 4. Īnji.
- 5. Thummagunta Drāvida.
All these are Smarthas, who use as their sect mark either the ūrdhvapundram (straight mark made with sandal paste) or the circular mark, and rarely the cross lines. They worship both Siva and Vishnu, and generally read Purānas about Vishnu. Some Vadamas use the Vaishnava nāmam as their sect mark, and are called Kiththunāmakkārar. They follow the Smartha customs in every way. There is a common saying " Vadamam muththi Vaishnavam," i.e., a Vadama ripens into a Vaishnava. This is literally true. Some Vadama families, who put on the ūrdhvapundram mark, and follow the Smartha customs, observe pollution whenever a death occurs in certain Sri Vaishnava families. This
