in the hereditary occupation of oil-pressing, and occupies a lower position in the social scale than the other."
The following list of " clans " among the Nāyars of Malabar whom he examined anthropometrically is given by Mr. F. Fawcett *[1] : —
| Kiriyattil. | Vangilōth. |
| Sudra. | Kitavu. |
| Kurup. | Pallichan. |
| Nambiyar. | Muppathināyiran. |
| Urāli. | Viyāpāri or Rāvāri. |
| Nalliōden. | Attikurissi. |
| Viyyūr. | Manavalan. |
| Akattu Charna. | Adungādi. |
| Purattu Charna. | Adiōdi. |
| Vattakkād. | Amayengolam. |
"The Kurup, Nambiyar Viyyūr, Manavālan, Vengōlan, Nelliōden, Adungādi, Kitāvu, Adiōdi, Āmayengolam, all superior clans, belong, properly speaking, to North Malabar. The Kiriyattil, or Kiriyam, is the highest of all the clans in South Malabar, and is supposed to comprise, or correspond with the group of clans first named from North Malabar. The Akattu Charna clan is divided into two sub-clans, one of which looks to the Zamorin as their lord, and the other owns lordship to minor lordlings, as the Tirumulpād of Nilambūr. The former are superior, and a woman of the latter may mate with a man of the former, but not vice versâ. In the old days, every Nāyar chief had his Charnavar, or adherents. The Purattu Charna are the outside adherents, or fighters and so on, and the Akattu Charna are the inside adherents — clerks and domestics. The clan from which the former were drawn is superior to the latter. The Urālis are said to have been masons; the Pallichans manchil
- ↑ * Madras Museum Bull., III, 3, 1901.
