MAYER
SO
MAYNAS
1904): Brassedr de Boimnornn. Hixl. des nations civilini'es
du Mrxitjue ft de VAmi'Ti/jue-Ccntrolr (4 vols., I'nria, IS.'jT-
5'.t>; IliKM. Afonumrnls nnririis du Mrxiqur: I'nirnqur. ptc.
(Paris. 1S6G); It.km. M.iini.^rrit Tmmm (2 vols, Paris.
lS6n-70); Ipkm. Vnl,ih„u. r, . , ,. > / .,« m.ii/n.'! (Paris, 1S69); Brinton, The Mnmi a I i.il i.|rl|.hia. I.SS2); Iiikm,
American Hcro-Mvll:» iV^n] , I. !|.!ii ., IssJi; Ii.km, Es.im/s of an Americanist (Pliih.^l.-ipliM . i-m, I , m. The American Race (New York, ISOli; I i ■■< . \ • !■ tular.^ of Central Amer-
ica and Sfejcieo I ':i ;.' n . !-i; Carrillo y Ancona, Compendia de la II 1 v i . I i. 1871); Idem, A/nnt/al
de Hist yGeogriil I ,■■ !■• /'. ', - ./ ./' ) ucatan (Mirida. 1868); Idem, Bihlioteca' de nidvns Ytieateeos (.\I(!rida, 1881); Idem, Hist, antiaua de Yucatan (MSrida. 1881; 1883); Castillo, Dic- cionario Hislnrico, liiogrcifico y Monumental de Yucatan (MSrida, 1860); CoGOLLUDO, Hist, de Yucaian (Madrid, 168S; reprints 1S4' and 1867); Diaz del Castillo, Verdadera Hist, de la Con- quista ,lrXua)aEspa,la (Madrid. 1632; 1796) (tr. London, 1800; isll; Salem, 1803); Fancourt, Hist, of Yucatan (London, 1S.')4): (iAiiciATriARCiA, Hist, de la Guerra de Castas en Yucatan (Mi'rida. 1865); C.tt%i\KA, Criinica de la A'ucva Espana (Saragossa, l.'jo4); luKM. Historia general de las Jndias (Antwerp, 1554); Hkrrer \, Hist, tjrneral de los heclios de los Castellanos, etc. (Ma- drid, IfilU; 1726-:iO; Fr. tr. ParLs, 1671; tr. London. 1740); Hoi.MKs. .-{ri-lKrohnjieal Studies among the Ancient Cities of Mij-ir'ipt. I. .MKtuimints of Yucatan (Field Museum. Chicago, 1S>,|.-,); i.(Ni)A. Kehiri..n de las cosas de Yucatan (Madrid, 1881); Fr.tr. UnAssF.iH hk Doi-rbouhg (Paris. 1864); LasCasab, Bre- visima Uelacvm de la Destruycion de las Indias (Seville, 1552; 1822) (for translations see Casas, Bartolome de Las); Men- DIETA, Hist. Eclesuistica Indiana (Mexico, 1870); Morley, Cor- relatian of Maya and Christian Chronology in Am. Jour, of ArchtEology. 2nd series, XIV (Norwood, Massachusetts, 1910), no. 2; OvlEDO Y Valdks. Hist, general y natural de las Indias (Toledo, 1526; 4 vols., Madrid, 1851-55); Perez, Cronologfa antigua de Yucatan, opp. to Stephen's Yucatan, Landa's Relacion, de Bourbourg, etc.; Pimentel, Lenguas indigenas de Miiieo (2 vols.. Mexico. 1862-65; 3 vols., Mexico, 1874-7.5); Sahagun, Hist, general deNueva Espana (1SS9-1690) (3 vols., Mfviro, 1829-30); St /^mi, Ethnog. of Southern Mexico in Pro- r, - ;■ /) ' ' . , f Acad. Sciences, VIII (Davenport, 1901); Idem. /', / ', ' NO (Chicago, 1908); Stephens, Incidents of
'J't I '■■:r>d America, Chiapas and Yucatan (2 vols.,
N, A \(,ii, , I Ml. etc.); Idem, Incidents of Travel in Yucatan (2 \<>U., New York, 1843); Thomas, Aids to the Study of the Maya Codices in Sixth Report, Bur. of Am. Ethn. (Wash- ingtoii, 1889); Idem, Day Symbols of the Maya Year in Sistn-nlh Rep., Bur. of Am. Ethn. (Washington, 1897); Idem, Marian <■,••■ ' ' , , N , '. ' 111 V..;- •,.,:?', Rep., Bur. of Am. Ethn.,
pt II (W ! I . I I : ' ' Mnya Year, Bulletin 18,
Bur of \ '>\ II i 'I , li.EM. A'o(cs on CVrfnm
Maya ,i>:i \l 1/-;. ,.i,- r, llurd Rep., Bur. of Am.
Ethn. (\V;i.<iiinctoii. l^^oi; Ihlm. .\ umtTal Systems of Mexico and Central America in Nineteenth Rep., Bur. of Am. Ethn. (Washington. 1900); Idem. A Study of the Manuscript Troano in Cont. to North Am. Ethnology, V (Wa.shington. 1882); Thompson. Ruins of Xkichmook, Yucatan (Field Museum. Chicago, 1898); Torquemada, Monarquia Indiana (3 vols., Seville, 161.5; Madrid, 1723); Valentini. The Katunes of Maya Hist, in Proc. Am. Antiq. Sac. for 1879 (Worcester. 1880); Vi- llacjutierre .Soto-.Mayor, Hist, de la Conquista de la Provincia de la Itz.i (Madrid, 1701).
James Mooney.
Mayer, Christian, Moravian astronomer, b. at Mederizt-nhi in Moravia. 20 Aug., 1719; d. at Heidel- IxTK, !•' April, 1783. He entered the Society of Jesus at .Maniilu'iin on 26 Sept., 1745, and after completing his studies taught the humanities for some time at AschatTenhurg. He likewise cultivated his taste for mathematics, and later was appointed professor of mathematics and physics in the University of Heidel- berg. In 17.5.5 he was invited by the Elector Palatine Charles Theodore to construct and take charge of the astronomical oliservatory at Mannheim. Here as well as at .Schwotzingen, where he had also built an ob.serv- atory, he carried on his observations which led to numerous memoirs, some of which were published in the " Philo.sophical Transactions" of London. One of his observations, recorded in the "Tables d'aberration et de mutation" (Mannheim, 1778) of his assistant Mesge, gave rise to much discussion. He claimed to have discovered that many of the more conspicuous stars in the southern heavens were surrounded by smaller stars, which he regarded as satellites. His contemporaries, including Herschel and Schrciter, who were provided with much more powerful telescopes, failed to verify his observations. Mayer, however, de- fended their reality and replied to one of his critics, the well-known astronomer Father Holl, in a work entitled "Griindliche Vertheidigung neuer Beobach- tungen von Fixstern-trabanten welche zu Mannheim
auf der kurfiirstl. Sternwarte ondcckt worden sind"
(Mannheim, 177S). In the following year he pub-
lislied a Latin work on the same subject. The obser-
vations, which were made in good faith, were evi-
dently due to an optical illusion. Mayc^r spent some
time at Paris in the interests of his science, and visited
Germany in cDiupany with Cassini. L'pon the invita-
tion of iOinpress Catherine of Russia, he went to St.
Petersburg to observe the transit of Venus in 1769.
He was a mcrulicr of nunuTous learned sdcieties, in-
cluding llio.se (if Maiiiiheini, iMiiiiicli, Lniiddii, Hdlcigna,
Giittingen, and I'lulaileliihia. He published a niuulier
of memoirs, among which may be mentioned "Basis
Palatina" (Mannheim, 1763), "Expositio de transitu
Veneris" (St. Petersburg, 1769), "Pantometrum
Pacechianum, sen instrumentimi novum pro elicienda
ex una statione distantia loci inaccessi" (Mannheim,
1762) ; " Nouvelle methode pour lever en peu de temps
et i peu de frais une carte gen^rale et exacte de toute
la Russia" (St. Petersburg, 1770); "Observations de
la Comete de 1781" in the "Acta Acad. Petropolit."
(1782). etc.
Sommervogel, Biol, de la Comp. de Jt:sus, V, 794; Delam- bre in Biogr. Univers., s. v.
Henky M. Bhock.
Mayhew, Edward, b. in 1569; d. 14 Sept., 1625. He belonged to the old English family of Mayhew or Mayow of Winton, near Salisbury, Wiltshire, which had endured much persecution for the Faith. t)n 10 July, 1583, he entered, with his elder brother Henry, the English College at Reims, where he displayed conspicuous talents, and received the tonsure and minor orders on 22 August, 1590. Thence proceeding to Rome, he there continued his studies until his or- dination, after which he left for the English missions in 1595. Having served for twelve years on the mis- sion as a secular priest, he joined the Benetlictine Order, being professed by Dom Sigebert Buckley, the sole survivor of the English congregation, in his cell at the Gatehouse prison, Westminster, on 21 November, 1607. The old English congregation would thus have ended with Dom Buckley, had not Mayhew and an- other secular priest, Father Robert Sadler, sought pro- fession, thus preserving its continuity to the present day. Lender these two new members the English congregation began to revive. Becoming affiliated with the Spanish congregation in 1612, it was given an equal share in St. Lawrence's monastery at Dieuhvart, Lorraine, henceforth the centre of the English congre- gation. Retiring from the English mission in 1613, Mayhew took up his residence at Dieuhvart, where he filled the office of prior from 1613 to 1620. The union of the three congregations engaged on the English missions had for some time been canvassed, and in 1617 Mayhew was appointed one of the nine definitors to bring this about. That of the English and Spanish congregations was accomplished by the Apostolic Brief, "Ex incumbenti", of Augu.st, 1619, but the members of the Italian congregation refused to become united. The zeal for the strict observance of the Benedictine Rule, so characteristic of Dieulwart, was in great part due to Mayhew's religious earnestness and strength of character. From 1623 until his death he acted as vicar to the nuns at Cambrai. His remains lie in the parish church at St. Vedast. The most im- portant of Mayhew's works are: "Sacra Institutio Baptizandi etc." (Douai, 1604); "Treatise on the Groundes of the Okie and Newe Religion etc." (s. 1., 1608); " Congregationis Anglicanic Ordinis S. Bene- dicti Tropha;a " (2 vols., Reims, 1619, 1625).
Pitts. De Illust. Angl. Script., p. 816; Wood, Athena Oxon., I (ed. 1691). 347; DovD, Church History, ii; Records of the Eng- lish Calh., i; Snow, Bened. Necrol., pp. 12, 35; Gillow, Bibl, Diet. Eng. Cath., a. v.
Thomas Kennedy. May Laws. See Kulturkampp. Majmas. See Cilichapoyas, Diocesb op.
