NORIS
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NORIS
Labanoff, "Lettrcs, etc. de Marie Stuart" (1844),
earlier ed. tr. (1842); Anderson, "Collections relating
to Marv" (Edinburgh, 1727); Creighton in "Diet, of
Nat. Biog.", X (London, 1908).
Henry, Sixth Duke, the second son of Henry Frederick Howard, third Earl of Arundel and Lady Elizabeth Stuart, was educated abroad, as a Cath- olic. In 1669 he went as ambassador extraordinary to Morocco. In 1677 he succeeded his brother as duke, having previously been made hereditary earl- marshal. During the Commonwealth and Protecto- rate he lived in total seclusion. In January, 1678, he took his. seat in the House of Lords, but in August the first development of the Titus Gates Plot was followed by an Act for disabling Catholics from sitting in either house of Parliament. He would not comply with the oath and, suspected of doubtful loyalty, withdrew to Bruges for three years. There he built a house attached to a Franciscan convent and enjoyed freedom of worship and scope for his munificence. He was a man of benevolent disposition and gave away the greater part of his splendid library, and grounds and rooms to tlie Royal Society, and the Arundelian marbles to Oxford University. Jealous of the family honour, he compounded a debt of £200,000 contracted by his grandfather. [See Eve- lyn's "Miscellaneous Writings" (London, 1825).]
Henry, Seventh Duke, son of Henry, si.xth Duke, and Lady Anne Somerset, was at first a good Catho- lic and for four months held out against subscribing to the oath as a peer in the House of Lords. After- wards he became a pervert.
Thomas, Eighth Duke, was brought up a Catholic but perverted on succeeding to the dukedom.
Edw.\rd, Ninth Duke, did much to promote a more liberal treatment of Catholics by offering a home at Norfolk House to Frederick, Prince of Wales, and his wife at the time of the birth of their son, after- wards George III.
Charles, Tenth Duke, son of Charles Howard of Greystoke, Cumberland, and Mary Paylward, was brought up a Catholic. Though he signed a petition for relief from the pressure of the penal laws, he led a very retired life. In 1764 he published "Considera- tions of the Penal Laws against the Roman Catholics in England and the new-acquired colonies in Amer- ica"; and in 1768, "Thoughts, Essays, and Maxims, chiefly Religious and Political".
Charles, Eleventh Duke, educated at the Eng- lish College at Douai, was a man of dissolute life and had conformed to the State religion by 1780.
Bernard Edward. Twelfth Duke, eldest son of Henry Howard of Glossop, and Juliana, daughter of Sir William Molyneux of Willow, Nottinghamshire. In 1789 he married Elizabeth Bellasis, daughter of Henry, Earl of Fauconberg. but was divorced, by Act of Parliament, in 1794. On the death of his third cousin, in 1815, he succeeded to the dukedom. Although a Catholic, he was allowed, by Act of Parliament in 1824, to exercise the hereditary office of earl- marshal. After the Relief Bill of 1829 he was ad- mitted to the full exercise of his ancestral privileges; he took his seat in the House of Lords, where he was a steady supporter of the Reform Bill, and in 1830 was noniinated as privy councillor. [See Gent. Mag., I (1842), 542.]
Henry Charles, Thirteenth Duke, only son of Bernard Edward and Elizabeth Bellasis. He was baptized a Catholic but did not practise his religion. In 1814 he married Lady Charlotte Leveson-Gower, daughter of George, Duke of Sutherland, and in 1815 he became, as heir, Earl of Arundel and Surrey. In 1829, after the Catholic Emancipation Act, he took the oath and his seat in the House of Commons (the first Catholic since the Reformation). In 1841 he eat in the House of Lords. In politics he was a stanch member of the Whig party. In 1842 he suc-
ceeded his father as Duke of Norfolk. He died at
Arundel in 1856. Canon Tierney was chaplain at
the time of his death. [See London Times (19 Feb.',
1856); Gent. Mag. (April, 1856), 419.]
Henry Granville Fitzalan, Fourteenth Duke, eldest son of Henry Charles Howard and Charlotte, daughter of the Duke of Sutherland, was educated privately, and at Trinity College, Cambridge. He en- tered the army but retired on attaining the rank of captain. In 1839 he married the daughter of Admiral Sir Edmund (afterwards Lord) Lyons, the ambassador at Athens. From 1837 to 1S42 he was a member of the House of Commons, a Whig, until he broke with his party on the introduction of the Eccle- siastical Titles Bill of 1850. In 1850, as Duke of Norfolk, he took his seat in the House of Lords. In 1839 he attended the services of Notre-Dame in Paris and made the acquaintance of Montalembert. This resulted in his conversion to Catholicism, and Monta- lembert describes him as "the most pious layman of our times". Cardinal Wiseman, in a pastoral letter, at the time of his death in 1860, referred to his benevo- lent nature: "There is not a form of want or a peculiar application of alms which has not received his relief or co-operation". He wrote: "Collections relative to Catholic Poor Schools throughout Eng- land", MS. folio, 134, pp. 1843; "A few Remarks on the Social and Political Condition of British Cath- olics" (London, 1847); Letter to J. P. Plumptre on the Bull " In Ccena Domini" (London, 1S4S); "Ob- servations on Diplomatic Relations with Rome" 1848. He edited from original MSS. the "Lives of Philip Howard and Anne Dacres" (London, 1857 and 1861). [See "Gent. Mag." (Jan., 1861); "London Times" (27 Nov. and 4 Dec, 1860); "London Table" (1 Dec, 1860); H. W. Freeland, "Remarks on the Letters of the Duke of Norfolk" (1874); Monta- lembert, "Le Correspondant" (25 Dec, 1860), 766- 776, tr. by Goddard at the end of his Montalembert, "Pius IX and France" (Bo.slon, Mass., 1861).]
Tierney. Castle and I,,';,,,--. .' \rundd (London, 1834); Howard. Memorials of ih. // ' .,,l,v Castle, 1834); Gll/-
how, Biog. Dicl.of Engl. r,,'. . I ,, |,,,i, lSS.5-1902) ; Lingard,
History of England (Lonili-n, l^i", /iirl. ^at. Biog. (London, 1908), s. V. Howard.
S. Anselm Parker.
Noris, Henry, Cardinal, b. at Verona, 29 August, 1631. of English ancestry; d. at Rome, 23 Feb., 1704. He studied under the Jesuits at Rimini, and there en- tered the no\'itiate of the Hermits of Saint Augustine. After his probation he was sent to Rome to study theology. He taught the sacred sciences at Pesaro, Perugia, and Padua, where he held the chair of church history in the university from 1674 to 1692. There he completed "The History of Pelagianism", and "Dissertations on the Fifth General Council", the two works which, before and after his death, occa^ sioned much controversy. Together with the " Vindiciae Augustinianis" they were printed at Padua in 1673, having been approved by a special commission at Rome. Noris himself went to Rome to give an ac- count of his orthodoxy before this commission; and Clement X named him one of the qualificators of the Holy Office, in recognition of his learning and sound doctrine. But, after the publication of these works, further charges were made against him of teaching the errors of Jansenius and Baius. In a brief to the pre- fect of the Spanish Inquisition, 31 July, 1748, ordering the name of Noris to be taken off the list of forbidden books, Benedict XIV says that these charges were never proved; that they were rejected repeatedly by the Holy Office, and repudiated by the popes who had honoured him. In 1692 Noris was made assistant Li- brarian in the Vatican by Innocent XII. On 12 December, 1695, he was nanied Cardinal-Priest of the Title of S. Agostino. In 1700 he was given full charge of the Vatican Library. His works, apart from some
