PARKINSON
-504
PARLATORE
Cj-prian at Ninove. Godfrey made the Abbot of
the Park and his succossors his arcli-chaplains.
Simon (d. oO March, 1142) was succeeded by Philip
whose Icarninf; and holiness may be jud(;<'d from
his correspoiuleiiee with St. Hildegard ((]. v.) in the
archives of the I':irk Abbey. Philip and his succes-
sors enlarf^od the buildings and prepared the land for
agriculture. At the time there was Uving at the ab-
bey a canon, Blessed Rabado, whose devotion to the
Passion was attested by miracles. Abbot Gerard
van Goetsenhoven (1414-34) had much to do with
the erection of the University of Louvain (q. v.), and
was also delegated by Duke John to transact state
affairs with the King of England and the Duke of
Burgundy. Abbot van Tulden (1462-94) was suc-
cessful in his action against commendatory abbots
being imposed on religious houses in Belgium. Ab-
bot van den Berghe (1543-58) managed the contribu-
tions levied in support of the Belgian theologians
present at the resumed Council of Trent.
The abbey frequently suffered during the wars waged by ^^■illiam of Orange and the Calvinists, but was fortimate to have then at its head men of marked learning, zeal, and discretion, such as Loots (1577- 1583), van Vlierden (1583-1601), Druys (1601-1634) (q. v.), Maes (1635-1647), De Pape (1648-1682), van Tuycum (1682-1702). They all favoured higher education at the University of Louvain, and studies were in a flourishing state in the abbey. Under Joseph II, Emperor of Germany, the abbey was confiscated, because Abbot Wauters (d. 23 Nov., 1792) refused to send his religious to the general seminary erected by the emperor at Louvain. A revolution against the emperor's injustices being successful, the religious re- turned to their abbey. Wauters was succeeded by Melchior Nysmans (l"79.3-1810). Under the French Republic the abbey was confiscated again on 1 Feb., 1797. At the request of the people the church was declared to be a parish church and was thus saved. The abbey was bought by a friendly layman who wished to preserve it for the religious, in better times. One of the canons, in the capacity of parish priest, remained in or near the abbey. When Belgium was made a kingdom and religious freedom restored, the Bur\'iving religious resumed the community life and elected Peter Ottoy, then rural dean of Diest, as their superior.
In 1897 the abbey undertook the foundation of a priory in Brazil. It counts at present (Jan., 1911) 48 religious; 8 of these are doing missionary work in Brazil. The canons of the Park Abbey publish the following reviews: (1) "Analectes de I'Ordre de Prdmontre" (four times a year); (2) "Revue de I'Or- dre de Pr6montr6 et de ses missions" (six times a year); " 'T Park's maandschrif t " (monthly).
Annates Pram., 8.V. Parchum; Libert De Pape, Summaria chro- noloffia Parchensis (Louvain, 1662) ; Raymaekers in Rccherches hiMoriqueit sur I'ancienne abbaye de Pare (Louvain, 18.58): Revue de VOrdre de PrSmonlr^ &Qd 'T Park's maandschrift (passim), both published at the abbey.
F. M. Geudens.
Parkinson, .\nthont, historian, b. in England, 1667; d. there ,30 January, 1728. In 1692 he was ap- pointed professor of philosophy at the Franciscan Convent of Douai ; the following year he was approved for preaching anrl hearing confessions. He came to the ini.ssions in England in 1695 and was president of the Franci.scans at Warwick 1698-1701, of Birmingham 1701-10, Definitor of the province 1707-10. Parkin- son was also nominal guardian of Worcester 1704-7, of Oxford 1710-13, and twice governed the hidden English Province as provincial 1713-6, and 1722-5. As such he a,ssisted at the General Chapter of the Order in Rome. M.ay, 1723. His chief work is the "Collectanea Anglo-Slinoritica, or a Collection of the Antiquities of the English I>anciscans, or Friars Minors, commonly called Gray Friars", two parts,
with an appendix concerning the English Nuns of the
Order of St. Clare, London, 1726, in 4°. There are
also extant some vmedited manuscripts.
THADDEns, The Franciscans in England WOO-lSBn (London, 189S), 113, 282; Cooper in Did. A'a(. Bioi;., ed. Lee, XLIII (Lon- don, 1895), 312.
LiVAKius Olioeii.
Parlais, a titular see of Pisidia, suffragan of Anti- ocli. As a Roman colony it was called Julia Augusta Parlais, and money was coined under this title (Eck- hel, " Historica vetcruni nummorum". III, 33). Ptol- emy (V, 6, 16) calls it Paralais and places it in Lyca- onia. Kiepert identifies it with Barla, in the vilayet of Koniah, but Ramsay (Asia Minor, 390 sqq.) be- lieves that it is contained in the ruins known as Uzumla Monastir. The "Notitia^ Episcopatuum" mention the see as late as the thirteenth century under the name Parlaos, Paralaos, and even Parallos. Four bishops are known: Patricius, at the Council of Con- stantinople, 381; Libanius, at Ch.alcedon, 451 (in the decrees the see is placed in Lycaonia) ; George, at Con- stantinople, 692; Anthimus, at Constantinople, 879. Academius who assisted at the Council of Nicica, 325, was Bishop of Pappa, not of Parlais as Le Quien claims (Oriens christianus, I, 1057).
S. P^Tniois.
Parlatore, Filippo, Italian botanist, b. at Pa- lermo, 8 Aug., 1816; d. at Florence, 9 Sept., 1877, a devout and faithful Catholic. He studied medicine at Palermo, but practised only for a short time, his chief activity being during the cholera epidemic of 1837. Al- though at that time he had been an assistant professor of anatomy, a subject on which he had already written (Treatise on the human retina), he soon gave up all other interests to devote his entire attention to botany. He first made a study of the flora of Sicily, pubhsh- ing in 1838 "Flora panormitana" (Palermo); he also dealt with the Sicihan flora in later works. Id 1840 he left home to begin his extended botanical expedi- tions. He travelled all through Italy, then into Swit- zerland (where he remained for a time at Geneva with DecandoUe), to France (where he was at Paris with Webb, the Englishman) and to England, his longest stay laeing at Kew. His part in the Tliird Congress of Italian naturahsts held at Florence in 1841 was of sig- nificance for him and for the development of botanical studies in Italy. At this congress, in his celebrated memoir "Sulla botanica in Italia", he proposed, among other things, that a general herbarium be es- tablished at Florence. This proposal was adopted. Grand Duke Leopold sought his assistance for this herbarium, gave him the post of professor of botany at the museum of natural sciences (a chair which had been vacant for almost thirty years), and made him director of the botanical garden connected with the museum. For more than three decades Parlatore was most active in fulfilhng the duties of these posi- tions, one of his principal services being the contribu- tion of "Collections botaniques du muscle royale de physique et d'histoire naturelle" (Florence, 1874) to the great collection entitled "Erbario centrale ita- hano". His own private herbarium is now a part of the central herbarium, containing about 1900-2500 fascicules. In 1849 he made an investigation of the flora of the Mont-Blanc chain of the Alps; in 1851 he explored those of Northern Europe, Lapland, and Finland ; the re[)orts of these two expeditions appeared resi)ectively in 1850 and 18.54.
lie jiublished numerous treatises on botanical sub- jects, — discussing questions of system, organography, physiologj-, plant geography, and pala-ontology— in various periodicals, chiefly in the "Giornale botanico Italiano" (1.844—), which he had founded. He also gave considerable attention to the history of botany in Italy. His Ufework in botany, however, is "Flora
