PARNASSUS
507
PARCECOPOLIS
he never finished the Steccata commission. His Parnassus, a titular see in Cappadocia Secunda,
passion for alchemy not only cost him time, money, suffragan of Mocessus. Situated between Ancyra and
and health, but prevented him from keeping his en- Archclais, it was formerly important. Another route
gagements. As he had been paid part in advance, the led to Nyssa. It is mentioned by Polybius (XXV, iv)
Steccata Confraternity, weary of waiting, had him and the Itineraries; in the sixth century by Hierocles,
prosecuted and condemned to prison in 1537. Re- "Synecdemus" (700, 7). Hamilton places it at Kotch
leased upon promise to finish the work, he again de- Hissar, near Touz Gheul (ancient Lake Tatta), vilayet
faulted, and made his escape to Casal Maggiore, of Angora; Ramsay (Asia Minor, 29S), north-east of
where he died. He was buried in the church of the
Ser\'ites.
Brief as was his career, II Parmigiano has left a very large number of works: at Bologna (Pinacotheca), "Virgin and Child with Saints", "St. Margaret", "Martha and Mary"; at Florence (Pitti), "La Ma- donna del CoUo Longo", (Uffizi) portrait of himself, and "Holy Family"; at Genoa (Palazzo Rosso), "Marriage of St. Catharine"; at Modena (Museum), "Apollo and Marsyas"; at Naples (Museum), "Annun- ciation", "Holy Family", "St. Sebastian", "Lu- cretia", and some portraits; at Parma (Museum), "St. Catherine with Angels", "Madonna with Saints"; (Annunziata) "Baptism of Christ", "St. Bernardino", "Holy Family", "Entry of Christ into Jerusalem", besides the Stec- cata frescoes, several paint- ings in San Giovanni Evan- gelista, and a "History of Diana", in the Villa Sanvi tale; at Rome (Barberini Palace), "Marriage of St. Catherine"; (Borghese Palace), portrait of Cesare Borgia (formerly attributed to Raphael and then to Bronzino) and St. Cat li- erine; at Berlin (Mu.seuMi), ' ' Baptism of Christ " ; at Dres- den (Museum), "Virgin and Child", "Madonna of the Rose"; in London (National Gallery), "Vision of St. Je- rome"; at Madrid (Prado), "Holy Family", "St. Bar- bara", "Cupid", and two por- traits; in Paris (Louvre), two "Holy Families" ; at St . Peters- burg (Hermitage), "Burial of Christ"; at Vienna (Belve- dere) "Cupid with Bow", "St. Catherine", his own portrait, and several others. He also left some engravings, among them seven Holy Families, a Resurrection, "Judith wilh till' H( .ad of Holophernes", and "Sts. Peter and John Healing the Lame Man".
Parmigiano developed the germ of decay latent in Correggio's work. He delighted his contemporaries with ingenious contrasts, elegant mannerisms, and sensual frivolity. His religious pictures are de- ficient in gravity and sincerity, being, in many cases — like the "IMadonna del Collo Longo" — types of false distinction and pretentious affectation. "His St. Catherine (Borghese Palace) declines the compli- ments of the angels with an air of good breeding which is beyond description" (Burckhardt). These faults are less pronounced in such profane works as the frescoes of the Villa Sanvitale; and in portraiture,
GiROLAMO Fh
Portrait by hi]
NCESco Maria Ma:
" II Parmigiano "
iSelf, bevelled mirror
this lake on the left bank of Kizil Irmak (ancient
Halys), near Tchikin Aghyl. The see first depended
on Cssarea; under Valens it passed to Cappadocia Se-
cunda; and about 5.36 was madesuffragan of Mocessus.
The "Notitiae Episcopatuum" mention it in the thir-
teenth century. Le Quien (Oriens christianus, I, 415)
mentions nine bishops: Pancratius, at the Arian Coun-
cil of Philippopolis, 344; Hypsius, replaced by the
Arian Ecdicius in the time of St. Basil; Olympius, at
the Council of Constantinople, 381; Eustathius, at
Ephesus, 341, deposed as a Nestorian, retracted, as-
sisted at Constantinople (448) and Chalcedon (451);
and signed in 458 the letter of the bishops of Cappa-
docia Secunda to the Emperor Leo; Pelagius, at Con-
stantinople, 538; Eustathius, at the Council "in
Trullo", 692; Stephanus, at
Nica?a, 787 ; and Theognostus,
at Constantinople, 869.
S. PETRlnfes.
Parochial Mass . — The
parish is established to pro- vide the parishioners with the helps of religion, especially with Mass. The parochial Mass is celebrated for their welfare on all Sundays and holidays of obligation, even when suppressed. The par- ish priest is not obliged to say it personally; but if he does not, he must offer his own iMass for that intention. Parishioners now fulfil their duty by assisting at Mass in any church;but formerly they had at least to hear a Mass in the parish church (ch. "Vices", 2, "De treuga et pace" in "E.\trav. Comm." of Sixtus IV in 1478). This obligation fell into desuetude owing to the privi- leges granted to the religious orders; the Council of Trent (Sess. XXII, "De observ. et evit. in celebr. miss." and Sess. XXIV, c. iv, de ref .), treats it only as a counsel; and notwithstanding certain provincial and diocesan regulations of the si.xteenth and seventeenth centuries, the obfigation ceased (Bened. XIV, "De syn.", XI, xiv). The Mass not being strictly con- ventual, it is not obligatory by common law for it to be sung, but it may be, and frequently this is pre- scribed by the statutes or custom. It is then preceded by the blessing and aspersion of water on Sundays. Even if not sung, it is celebrated with additional so- lemnity, with more than two candles on the altar, and two servers (S. Rit. C, 6 Feb., 18.58, n. 3065). What is characteristic of it is the instruction, with its special
where he is inspired by no factitious ideal, they dis- prayers, the announcements made to the congregation,
appear altogether. "The very name of Parmigia-
nino", says Ch. Blanc, "which the Italians like to
write in the diminutive foi-m, seems to say that this
master has his amiable failings, and is a great master
diminished" (grand matlre diminue).
Vasari. Le vile de' piu eceelhnli pillori. t-d. MiLANESi, V (Flor- ence, 1880), 217-42; AFFn. I, , :. /• w.,,;„„„tno (Parma. 1784); Lanzi, tr. RoscoE, Hist.,: , / ,1/1 Italy, II (London,
1847), 402; Blanp, //i.'^^M>' ■:■ ' /- u>utes les Ecoles: Eeole
lombarde (Paris, 186.5-77); I'.' k. Kii-iini > m> Bode, Le Cicerone, French tr. Gerard, II (Paria, 1892), 718; MuNTZ, Histoire de VArt pendant la Renaissance, III (Paris, 180.5). .581-82.
Gaston Sortais.
the publication of banns of marriage, and finally
the familiar sermon or homily. (See Mass; also
Pa.-;tor.)
a. boudinhon.
Parochial Schools. See Schools.
Parcecopolis, a titular see of Macedonia, suffragan of Thc.s.salonica. It is mentioned by Ptolemy (III, 13, 30) as being in Sintice, a part of Macedonia, and by Phlegon "Fragm. histor. gr." ed. Didot, III, 609). Hierocles (Synecdemus, 639, 8) and Constantine Por-
