PERIODICAL
672
PERIODICAL
by Prof. Corbiau. Outside of Louvain, wo notice
"Matliesis (Prof. Mansion of Ghent); the "Cour-
rior littoraire et niath<?matique", edited by Prof. II.
Gelin and tlio present writer as a guide for preparing
for publio exaniination.s.
U') Historical Reviews. — The hirgest is the impor- tant "Revue d'histoire eccl<5siastique", a quarterly founded in 1900 by Canon Cauchie antl Canon Ladeuze. now !\lgr Ladeuze, Rector of Louvain Uni- versitv. Otliersare: the "Revue l)riioilii'tinc", which hi IS'.io took the place of the "Messagcr dcs lidrlcs", edited since 18S4 at the Benedictine Abbey of Marcd- sous by Dom Gerard van Caloen; the "Archives Beiges" (Prof. G. Kurth, at Liege, since 1899); the "Analectes pour servir ;\ I'histoire de I'Ordre de Prd- montriS", edited at the Park Abbey (Louvain) by Father van \\'atTclghera. Mention should also be made of the ".\nalecta Bollandiana" (see Bollandists).
(d) Literature. — The "Revue G6n6rale", though it deals, according to its title, with all matters of common interest, is chiefly a literary review. This monthly publication, founded in 1863, reckoned among its ordinary contributors the distinguished statesmen Malou, Deschamps, and Nothomb, Deputy Coomans, Prof, de Monge, the publicist Prosper de Haulleville etc. To-day the parliamentary leader, M. Ch. Woeste, makes it the vehicle of his political views. M. Eug. Gilbert regularly contributes to it a most valuable literary chronicle. With this magazine we may mention the "Dietsche Warande en Belfort". Other Catholic literary reviews are: "Le Magasin Litt(5raire", of Ghent; "La Lutte" and "Le Journal des gens de lettres beiges", of Brussels, which have pleaded for Catholic art, but have been succeeded by younger magazines such as "Durandal", a monthly illustrated review edited by Abb6 Moeller, "Le Cath- olique", and "La Revue Jeune".
(e) Art Reviews. — Most of these literary reviews touch upon art questions, but there are also "Revue de I'art chr^tien", a review of medieval archa;oIogy; the "Courrier de Saint Gregoire" and "Musica sacra" which aims at promoting the use of sound music in Church services; "Le Bulletin de la Soci(?t6 d'art et d'histoire du diocese de Liege", of which Mgr Rutten, now Bishop of Liege, was the president for a long time; the "Bulletin des metiers d'art", which serves as the organ of the St. Luke schools, founded by Brother Mares for teaching the technical arts on Christian principles. Ath. Glouden.
Canada. — Under the French domination, periodical literature, still in its infancy in France even as late as the close of 1 1 1 1 ■■ i M 1 1 1 1 I Ti t h century , was totally unknown in Canada. 1 he iir.st newspapers founded in the colony, the "Quebec Gazette" (1764) and the "Montreal Gazette" (1778), both weeklies with a double-column page alternatelj' in English and in French, without be- ing professedly Cathohc, were not unfriendly towards the Church.
Provin'ce ofQuebec, or Lower Canada. — Thefinst periodical of importance was "LeCanadien", founded in Quebec (1806) by Pierre BiSdard. Although essen- tially political and patriotic, nevertheless by its vin- dication of religious as well as civil liberty, and owing to the unexceptionable Catholicism of the French Canadian population whose interests it represented, " Le Canadi('n " may safely be styled a Catholic organ. This same principle applies to the greater number of French papers published in Canada. After a series of suppressions and interruptions, "Le Canadien" (first weekly, then daily) lasted for over fifty more years, during a long period of which its chief editor was Etienne Parent, whose valiant pen ably defended the rights of his fellow-citizens and helped to maintain their national dignity and autonomy.
Next in order of importance, if not of date, follows "La Minerve" (first weekly, then daily), founded in
Montreal (1826) by Augustin-Norbert Morin. It
had a career of seventy years, and numbered among
its ablest editors Antoine G(^rin-Lajoie, Raphael
Bellemare, and Joseph Tas.se. The chief organ of the
English-speaking Catholics was (be "True Witness"
(w^eekly), founded in Montreal (1850) by George
E. Clerk, a convert from Anglicanism, who loyally
and generously served the cause of the True Faith
during his prolonged editorship. The " True Witness"
had been precnlcd by the short-hved "Irish Vindica-
tor" of IMonlical (1S2N), and still exists under the
lately assumed name of "The Tribune".
In 1857 was founded in Quebec "Le Courrier du Canada" (first weekly, then daily). It had an hon- ourable and fruitful career of forty-five years under the leadership of such learned, vigorous, and elegant writers and uncompromising Catholics as Doctor Joseph Charles Tache, Auguste-Eugeno Aubry, and Thomas Chapais. Montreal gave birth to two en- tirely Catholic daily papers: "Le Nouveau-Monde" (1867-81) with the Honourable Alphonse Desjardins as chief editor, and "L'Etendard" (1883-) under the direction of the Honourable Senator Anselme Trudel. A weekly, "Les M61anges Religieux", founded in Montreal (1839) by Reverend J. C. Prince, lasted till 1846. "L'Opinion Publique", an illustrated weekly, published in Montreal for fourteen years (1870-83) counted many brilliant litteraleurs among its contrib- utors. Most noteworthy among the monthlies are, in order of date, "Le Journal de I'Instruction Pub- lique", founded in Montreal (1857) by the Honourable Pierre-J.-O. Chauveau, a distinguished orator and writer, who was its cluef editor until its cessation (1878); "Les Soirees Canadiennes", Quebec (1861-5); "Le Foyer Canadien", Quebec (1863-6); "La Re- vue Canadienne", Montreal (1864), still flourish- ing under the direction of the Montreal branch of the University of Laval; "Le Canada Frangais", semi-monthly, edited by the parent University of Quebec (1888-91). These five reviews form a col- lection replete with the best productions of French Canadian literature.
For divers reasons, the Catholic Press in Lower Canada, in fact throughout the whole Dominion, with the exception of a few short-lived ventures, cannot boast of a daily newspaper published in the English language. In the Province of Quebec the only organ of the English-speaking Catholics is the above mentioned "Tribune" (weekly). Of the existing French Catholic dailies, "L'Action Sociale", founded in Queljec (1907) by Archbishop L.-N. Begin, is totally independent of politics, appreciating men and events from an exclusively Catholic and non-partisan view- point; its present circulation, comprising the weekly edition, is 28,000, as compared with the 90,000 of the non-Catholic "Montreal Star". Another, "Le De- voir", advocating nationalism, founded in Montreal (1909) and cUreeted by Henri Bourassa, has also a good circulation. The foremost weekly, still in ex- istence, is "La V(?rit6", founded in Quebec (1881) by Jules-Paul Tardivel, who has been called the Cana- dian Veuillot. This paper, during the career of its founder, exerted a considerable influence on Catholic opinion. "Le Courrier de St-Hyacinthe" (18.53), "Le Journal de Waterloo" (1879), "Le Bien Public", Three-Rivers (1909), all weeklies still in operation, deserve a special mention for their soundness of judg- ment and dutiful submission to the guidance of the spiritual authority. Among the existing monthlies may be mentioned "Le Naturaliste Canadien", Quebec, founded by the Abb6 L6on Provancher(1868), the only Catholic scientific review in Canada; "La Nouvelle-France", a high-class review with a com- prehensive programme; "Le Bulletin du Parler- frangais", a technical review of a chiefly philological character, both founded in Quebec in 1902; "1,'En- Beignement Primaire", a pedagogical review, now
