PERIODICAL
085
PERIODICAL
"Catechista Cattolico" (Piacenza, 1877), and the
"Risveglio del catechismo" (Chieri, 1893), the "Pred-
icatore Cattolico" (Giarre), the "Poliantea oratoria"
(Caltagirone, 1881), the "Crisostomo" (Rome) ex-
press their subjects in their titles, as also the "Moni-
tore Liturgico" (Macerata, 1888), the "Ephemerides
liturgicise" (Rome, 1887), the "Rassegna Gregoriana"
(Rome), the "Scuola Veneta di Musica Sacra" of
Tebaldini, etc. The " Bessarione" (1897) is devoted to
Oriental Christian studies. The "Scuola Cattolica",
founded by Cardinal Parocchi (1878), embraces all
branches of theology and disciphne. For social stud-
ies made after the encyclical "Rerum Novarum"
in 1892, Benigni founded the "Rassegna sociale"
(Perugia, afterwards Genoa); and in the next year
Mgr Talamo began the "Rivista internazionale di
Bcienze sociali ", etc. In 1898 Murri founded a period-
ical of social studies, the "Cultura sociale", which
deviated into forbidden tendencies of thought.
Historical periodicals are: "Rivista storica" of Pavia (now at Saronne); the "Muratori" (Pubbh- cazione di testi per la storia d'ltalia); the "Rivista storica benedettina"; the "Archivum franciscanum historicum" (Rome); the "Miscellanea francescana" of Mgr Faloci Pulignani (Foligno, 1887); the "Mis- cpllanea di Storia Ecclesiastica e studi ausiliari" (Home, 1904-07), and the " Rivista storico-critica delle scienze teologiche " (Rome, 1905), recently condemned by the Holy Office. Among the e.xisting scientific and literary reviews, the oldest and most widely-circulated is the "Civilti Cattolica", conducted by priests of the Society of Jesus, forming a community by themselves, and directly subject to the general. This was founded in 1850 under the auspices of Pius IX. Among the founders and early writers Bresciani, Curci, Bruncngo, Taparelli, Cornoldi, Liberatore, etc. won distinction. Mention must be made of "Acta Apostolica' Sedis", the official bulletin of the Holy See, founded by molu proprio in 1908, in which are published the Bulls, Constitutions, Encyclicals, and other acts of the pope, together with the Decrees of the Roman Congrega- tions. Several periodicals of the same kind are and have been published in Rome, such as the "Nuntius Romanus" (1882-1904), the "Analecta Ecclesiastica" (1893), the "Acta Pontificia", etc., besides the "Acta S. Sedis" already mentioned. The "Monitore Eccle- siastico", founded in Conversano by Mgr Gennari, afterwards cardinal, not only gives the more impor- tant pontifical news, but treats of moral theology and canon law, and publishes decisions concerning eccle- siastical matters." The "Nuova Rivista delle Riviste" of Macerata gives a digest of important articles ap- pearing in national and foreign periodicals upon mat- ters of interest to the clergy. Finally it is necessary to note satirical and humorous periodicals. Among these the "Vespra" of Florence and the "Frusta" of Rome were well-known for a time, but ceased on account of the frequent actions for damages brought against them. With these may be classed the "Follia" of Naples, the "Mulo" of Bologna, and the "Bas- tone" of Rome.
The above statistics have been largely gathered from the "Annuario Ecclesiastico " which undertakes to register all Catholic papers published throughout Italy. This registration, however, is neither complete nor exact, some existing periodicals being omitted, whilst others that have stopped publication are still on the list. Moreover the "Annuario Ecclesiastico" does not inform us whether the journal is a daily or a weekly. This being the case, it is well to note that a number of so-called daily journals appear at the most only three times a week. Of such there were three published at Rome and two published at Turin and Genoa. Besides the above mentioned there are 101 political and social journals issued several times a month; 81 religious periodicals appearing once or twice a month; five periodicals of general erudition;
and five devoted to philosophical and theological stud-
ies, in which class might be included the "Rivista
Rosminiana"; and ten reviews consecrated to canon
law. This last enumeration comprises a few bulletins
of episcopal courts. Apart from the foregoing there
are also two reviews devoted to preaching; six to
missionary interests; three to education; and one to
social studies. Other periodicals may be counted
among CathoUc ones by the notably Catholic charac-
ter of their managers: such as the "Rivista di Mate-
matiche", etc., founded by Tartellini, then professor
in the University of Rome; now edited by Cardinal
Maffi. Among the political and social reviews it must
be observed that two tendencies existed, one decidedly
liberal, and the other absolutely papal. The first
dealt with the "Roman Question" as obselete. It
advocated a larger individual liberty and independ-
ence from the particular views of the Holy See and the
episcopate in politics and social matters. The reviews
taking this liberal attitude never failed however to
profess their allegiance and obedience to authority.
On the other hand there existed the papal press, which
might be characterized by its perfect submission to
and advocacy of the prevailing opinions of the Vati-
can and the episcopate. To this last class belong:
the "Riscossa" of Braganze (Mgr Scotton); the
"Unit^ Cattolica" (Florence); the "Italia Reale"
(Turin); the "Liguria" (Genoa); the "Difesa"
(Venice); the "Osservatore Romano" (Rome); the
"Liberta" (Naples); the" Correspondance de Rome ",
and some other small sheets.
With regard to the geographical distribution of the Catholic press, there is an enormous disproportion between the north and the south. Southern Italy (Naples and Palermo) has only two daily papers. But even in the North there are large cities without a daily Catholic publication, e. g., Padua and Ancona, while Ravenna and Rimini have not even a weekly one. The need of weekly journals is naturally felt still more in Southern Italy.
Ferrandina. Censimento della stampa Cattolica (Asti, 1893) ; Gl- ACCHI, II giornalismo in Italia (Rome, 1883) ; Caboni, Cinquanf anni di giornalismo (Bologna, 1907) ; Chiaudano, II giornalismo cattolico (Turin, 1910); Santelena, Giornali veneziani net sette- cento (Venice, 1908); Chierici, Ilquinto potere a Roma: storia dei giornali e giornalisli romani (Rome, 1905) ; RoviTO, Dizionario dei letterati e giornalisli italiani contemporanei (Naples, 1907) ; della Casa, / Nostri (Trevigo, 1903), Uvea of iliustrioua Catholic presa-
U. Benigni.
Mexico. — Colonial Period. — During the administra- tion of the viceroy Baltasar de Zuniga Guzmdn de Sotomayor, Marques de Valero, the first newspaper, supervised by J. Ignacio Maria de Castorena y Ursua (precentor of the Cathedral of Mexico and afterwards Bishop of Yucatan), was published in Mexico, Janu- ary, 1722, with the heading "Gaceta de Mexico y Noticias de Nueva Espaiia que se imprimir^n Cada mes y comienzan desde primero de Enero de 1722" (Gazette of Mexico and notices of New Spain, which will be published every month, and which will begin the first of January, 1722). Later the name was changed to "Florilegio Historial de Mexico etc.", and in June of this year the enterprise was abandoned. In the numbers published, the news items were ar- ranged according to the principal cities of the colony. With the second issue brief notices of the books being published in Mexico and Spam were added and also accounts of important events in Lower California and the principal cities of Europe. In January, 1728, the second pubfication, the "Compendio de Noticias Mex- icanas", edited by J. Francisco Sahagiin de Ar^valo Ladr6n de Guevara, appeared. This continued in cir- culation until November, 1739, when it was succeeded by the "Mercurio de Mexico", edited by the same person. The "Mercurio" was issued monthly and in the same form as the "Gaceta" and "Florilegio". Among its news items were, accounts of rehgious festi-
