PERIODICAL
694
PERIODICAL
he reppntcd in his liist illness. He was a bitter antag-
onist of Orestes A. Hrownson in the controversies that)
were oarried on dviriiis the fifties by the editors of the
Catholic j)ublioatioMs of that period. .Vnother "Catli-
olic Herald" was i.^siied 22 June, 1S72, by Marc V.
Vallctte, and had a brief c.^stencc. The "Catholic
Standard", started 6 June, 1S66, was suspended 20
Feb., 1867, but resumed publication on 22 June of the
same year. Its first editor was the Rev. Dr. James
Keogh; others were Mark Wilcox, George D. Wolf,
and F. T. Furcy. In 1874 Hardy & Mahony became
its publishers, and 7 Dec, 1895, it combined (under
the title of "Catholic Standard and Times") with
the "Catholic Times", a rival which had the Rev.
Louis A. Lambert as editor, and the first number of
which was dated 3 Dec, 1892. Its news, editorials,
and correspondence are regarded as authoritative, and
frequently quoted by the secular Press. A monthly,
the " Irish Catholic Benevolent Union Journal", with
Martin I. J. Griffin as editor, began in March, 1873;
had its title changed in March, 1894, to "Grifiin's
Journar', and suspended in July, 1900.
Bishop Michael O'Connor, of Pittsburg, founded (16 March, 1S44) "The Pittsburg Catholic". Its manager and proprie*^or was J. F. Boylan, with whom was associated a printer named Jacob Porter, a con- vert. On 30 June, 1847, Porter and Henry McNaugh- ton bought the paper with whirh Porter retained his coane.xion until 1889. Hedicd in his eighty-third year, 14 January, 1908. An early editur was the Rev. Hugh P. Gallagher, president of the Pittsburg seminary, born in County Donegal, Ireland, in 1815, and ordained priest in 1840. In 1852 he went to San Francisco, where he started the "Catholic Standard" the follow- ing year. He died there in 1883. The "Cathohc Ob- server" of Pittsburg dates from 1899. The " Emerald Vindicator" began at Pittsburg, May, 1882, moved to Norfolk, Virginia, in .\ugust, 1888, suspended in July, 1889. During the seventies, under Bishop Mullen's patronage the "Lake Shore \'isitor" was published at Erie, Pennsylvania, for several years.
Bishop Fenwick, feefing that a journaUstic organ was needed in Boston, started " The Jesuit, or Catholic Sentinel", the first number of which was dated 5 Sep- tember, 1829. "The rapid increase and respectability of Roman Catholics in Boston and throughout the New England States", says the prospectus, "loudly calls for the publication of a Newspaper, in which the Doctrine of the Holy Catholic Church, ever the same, from the .\postolic Age down to our time, may be truly explained, and moderately, but firmly defended." Objection having been made that the name "The Jesuit" was prejudicial to the increase of circulation. Bishop Fenwick, after four months, allowed the title to be changed to " The Catholic Intelligencer", but in a short time went back to the original style. This did not improve conditions, and, on 27 December, 1834, another title, "The Irish and Cathohc Sentinel", was annovmced; during 1835, however, the pa;^er was called "The Literary and Catholic Sentinel", and on 2 January, 1836, evolved into "The Boston Pilot", a name subsequently changed to "The Pilot". The first editors were George Pepper and Dr. J. S. Bart- lett, and the printers aad publishers Patrick Don- ahoe and Henry L. Devereux. Patrick Donahoe (q. v.), who became connected with "The Pilot", in 1835, by the withdrawal of Devereux, assumed the owner- ship of the enterprise, which in the course of a few years grew into a most important paper of national circulation and influence, advocating Catholic and Irish interests. The editors under whose direction this success was attained were Thomas D'Arcy Mc- Gee, the Rev. J. P. Roddan, the Rev. Joseph M. Finotti (q. v.). John Boyle O'Reilly, James J. Roche, and Katherine E. Conway. Over the pen name of "Laffan", Michael Hennessy, of the editorial staff of the New York daily " Times (b. at Thomastown, Co.
Kilkenny, Ireland, 8 Sept., 1833; d. in Brooklyn, New
York, 23 July, 1892), contributed for yc^sirs weekly
articles on Catholic and Irish historical and genealo-
gical topics that had a very wid(> pojiularity. The
Rev. .lolin P. Hoddan w.'is a Boston priest educatc^d at
the Pr(i|>:igandM, Rome, and on his return home made
pastoral t^uiiicy, Mass., where, in addition to his pas-
toral duties, lie edited "The Pilot". He w:us a friend
of Orestes A. Bnjwnson, and wrote many articles for
his "Review". Hcjylc O'Reilly's connexion with "The
Pilot" began about 1.S70, and continued till his death
in 1S90. On the failure of Patrick Donahoe's bank
and publishing house in 1876, Archbishop Williams
came to his rescue and purchased a three-fourths in-
terest in "The Pilot" for the benefit of the depositors
in the bank. O'Reilly held the other fourth, and was
given the business as well as the editorial manage-
ment. In 1890 the venerable Patrick Donahoe, who
had bravely gone to work to reliabilitati' his fortunes,
was able to buy back "The Pilot" and resumed its
management, which he held until liis cleuth, IS M.arch,
1891. In June, 1!»0S, .VrelihislHjp d'Connell bought
"The Pilot" from the Donahoe fanuly and made it the
official diocesan organ of the diocese and a distinc-
tively Catholic journal.
When Orestes A. Brownson became a Catholic he attended the church in East Boston of which the Rev. Nicholas ( )'Brien was pastor. Father O'Brien in 1847 persuaded Brownson to join him in the publication of "The Catholic Observer". He soon proved his unfit- ness for the management of the paper, which sus- pended after two years' existence. In 1888 a numVjer of priests organized a corporation which began the publication of "The Sacred Heart Review". Under the direction of Mgr John O'Brien it attained a great reputation for enterprise and literary merit. Another Boston paper, "The Republic", was started in 1881 by Patrick Maguire, but more as a political, than a strictly Catholic organ. In Connecticut Bishop Fenwick was even earlier with his journalistic venture than he was in Boston, for the "Catholic Press" was begun in Hartford, on 11 July, 1829. In its office he started the first Sunday school, 19 July, 1829, and there, too, Mass was offered up for the few Catholics composing the pioneer colony. The "Press" did not long sur- vive, and its successor did not arrive until 1876, when the ' ' Connecticut Catholic ' ' was begun. Twelve years later Bishop Tierney purchased this paper and made it, as the "Catholic Transcript", official diocesan property, with the Rev. T. S. Duggan as editor. In Rhode Island the Providence "Visitor" dates from 1877.
The "Catholic Mirror" was established at Balti- more in 1849, and, as an expression of Southern opin- ion and the diocesan organ, had, in its early years, considerable influence. After the War, however, its prestige waned, and, in spite of several efforts to keep it alive, it suspended in 1908. Kentucky's first Cath- olic paper, the "Catholic Advocate", was founded in 1835 by Ben. J. Webb, then foreman printer of the Louisville "Journal", encouraged in the scheme by the Rev. Dr. Reynolds and the Rev. Dr. Martin J. Spalding. It took the place of the "Minerva", a monthly magazine, founded in 1834, and edited by the faculty of St. Joseph's College, Bardstown. In the old "Advocate" many of the most valuable papers writ- ten by Bishop Spalding first appeared. In May, 18.58, it was succeeded by the "Catholic Guardian", started in Louisville by the members of the local Particular Council of the St. Vincent de Paul Society, which had a fair success, but was forced to suspend by the Civil War in July, 1862. The "Cathohc Advocate" was revived later as the "Central Catholic Advocate", and in 1896 the "Midland Review" was started to rival it. There was not room for both so the new absorbed the old journal; but, in spite of the fact that the publication was high-class, it died after a check-
