PILIGRIM
99
PILLAR
Blessing. — To complete this article, it will be well
to give the following blessings taken from the Sarum
IVIissal (London, 1868, 595-6). These should be com-
pared with Mohammedan formularies (.Champagnac,
II, 1077-80, etc.):—
Blessing of Scrip and Staff.
j/. The Lord be with you.
IJ. And with thy spirit. Let us pray. O Lord Jesus Christ who of Thy un- speakable mercy at the bidding of the Father and by the Co-operation of the Holy Ghost wast willing to come down from Heaven and to seek the sheep that was lost by the deceit of the devil, and to carry him back on Thy shoulders to the flock of the Heavenly Country; and didst commend the eons of Holy Mother Church by prayer to ask, by holy living to seek, by persevering to knock that so they may the more speedily find the reward of saving life; we humbly call upon Thee that Thou wouldst be pleased to bless these scrips (or this scrip) and these staves (or this staff) that whosoever for the love of Thy name shall desire to wear the same at his side or hang it at his neck or to bear it in his hands and so on his pilgrimage to seek the aid of the Saints with the accompaniment of humble prayer, being protected by the guardian- ship of Thy Right Hand may be found meet to attain unto the joys of the everlasting vision through Thee, O Saviour of the World, Who livest and reignest in the unity of the Holy Spirit, God for ever and ever. Amen.
Here let the scrip be sprinkled with Holy Water and let the Priest put it round each pilgrim's neck, saying: In the Name of our Lord Jesus Christ receive this scrip, the habit of thy pilgrimage, that after due chas- tisement thou mayest be found worthy to reach in safety the Shrine of the Saints to which thou desirest to go; and after the accomplishment of thy journey thou mayest return to us in health. Through, etc.
Here let him give the Staff to the Pilgrim, saying: Receive this staff for thy support in the travail and toil of thy pilgrimage, that thou mayest be able to overcome all the hosts of the enemy and reach in safety the Shrine of the Saints whither thou desirest to go; and having obediently fulfilled thy course mayest return again to us with joy. Through, etc.
The Blessing of the Cross for one on a pilgrimage to Jerusalem.
In. The Lord be with you.
I^. And with thy spirit. Let us pray. O God, whose power is invincible and pity cannot be measured, the aid and sole comfort of pilgrims; who givest unto Thy servants armour which cannot be overcome; we beseech Thee to be pleased to bless this dress which is humbly devoted to Thee, tliat the banner of the venerated Cross, the figure whereof is upon it, may be a most mighty strength to Thy servants against the wicked temptations of the old enemy; a defence by the way, a protection in Thy house, and a security to us on every side. Through, etc.
Here let the garment marked with the Cross be sprinkled with Holy Water and given to the pilgrim, the priest saying:
Receive this dress whereupon the sign of the Cross of the Lord Our Saviour is traced, that through it safety, benediction and strength to journey in pros- perity, may accompany thee to the Sepulchre of Him, who with God the Father and the Holy Ghost, liveth and reigneth one God, world without end. Amen.
Marx. Das Wallfahren in der katholischen Kirche (Trier, 1842); SiVRY AND Champagnac, DicUojin. des pelerinages (Paris, 1859) ; Rock, The Church of Our Fathers (London, 1852) ; Le Roy, Hist, des pHer. de la sainte Vierge en France (Paris, 1875); Waterton, /"irfas Mariana Britannica (London, 1879); Cham- bers, Book of Days (London, s. d.): Jdsserand, tr. Smith, Eng- lish Wayfaring Life in the Middle Ages (London, 1892) ; Itineraires frantaia XI'-XIII' siicles, ed. Michelant and Raynaud (1882—); Palestine Pilgrim Text Society (London, 1884 — ); Deutsche Pilyerreisen nach dem heiligen Lande (Innsbruck, 1900);
Beazley, Dawn of Modern Geography (London, 1897-1906);
Wall, Shrines of British Saints (London, 1905); Br^hier,
Liglise et I'Orient au moyen~dge (Paris, 1907); Camm, Forgotten
Shrines (London, 1910); Revue de VOrient latin (Paris, 1893 — );
Messenger of the Sacred Heart (New York, 1892-9), passim.
Bede Jarrett.
Piligrim, Bishop of Passau, date of birth unknown ; d. 20 May, 991. He was educated at the Benedictine monastery of Niederaltaich, and was made bishop in 971. To him are attributed some, if not all, of the "Forgeries of Torch", a series of documents, espe- cially Bulls of Popes Symmachus, Eugene II, Leo VII, and Agapetus II, fabricated to prove that Passau was a continuation of a former archdiocese named Lorch. By these he attempted to obtain from Benedict VI the elevation of Passau to an archdiocese, the re- erection of those dioceses in Pannonia and Moesia which had been suffragans of Lorch, and the pallium for himself. While Piligrim was ambitious, he also had at heart the welfare of the captive Christians in Hungary and the Christianization of that country. There is extant an alleged Bull of Benedict VI granting Piligrim's demands; but this is also the work of Pili- grim, possibly a document drawn up for the papal signature, which it never received. Apart from these forgeries, common enough at the time, Piligrim was a good and zealous bishop, and converted numerous heathens in Hungary, built many schools and churches, restored the Rule of St. Benedict in Niederaltaich, transferred the relics of St. Maximilian from Getting to Passau, and held synods (983-91) at Ennsburg (Lorch), Mautern, and Mistelbach. In the "Niebel- ungenlied" he is lauded as a contemporary of the heroes of that epic.
Dummler, Piligrim von Passau und das Erzhisthum Larch (Leipzig, 1854); Idem in Berliner Sitzungsbcrichte (1898), 758-75; Uhlirz, Die Urkundenfalschung zu Passau im zehnten Jahrhundert in Mittheilungen des Instituts far Ssterreichische Geschichtsfor- schung. III (Vienna, 1882), 177-228; Idem, t6ii;., supplementary vol., II (1888), 548 sq.; Heuwieser, Sind die Bischofe von Passau Nachfolger der Bischofe von Lorchf in Theologisch-praktische Monats-Schrift, XXI (Passau, 1910), 13-23, 85-90; Mittermul- ler. War Bischof Piligrim von Passau ein Urkundenfdlscherf in Der Katholik, XLVII (Mainz, 1867), 337-62.
Michael Ott.
Pillar of Cloud (Pillar of Fire), a cloud which accompanied the Israelites during their wandering. It was the same as the pillar of fire, as it was luminous at night (cf. Ex., xiv, 19, 20, 2-1; Num., ix, 21, 22). The name "pillar" is due to the columnar form which it commonly assumed. It first appeared while the Israelites were marching from Socoth to Etham, and vanished when they reached the borders of Chanaan (Ex., xiii, 20-22; xl, 36). It was a manifestation of God's presence among His people (Ex., xiv, 24 sqq.; xx.\iii, 9; Num., xi, 25; xii, 5; Deut., xxxi, 15; Ps. xcviii, 7). During encampment it rested over the tab- ernacle of the covenant, after it was built, and before that time probably over the centre of the camp. It rose as a signal that camp was to be broken, and during the march it preceded the people, stopping when they were to pitch their tents (Ex., xl, 34, 35; Num., ix, 17 sqq.; Deut., i, 33). At the crossing of the Red Sea it rested between the Israelites and the Egyptians, being bright on the side of the former and dark on the other (Ex., xiv, 19, 20). During the marches it lit the way at night, and by day protected the people from the heat of the sun (Num., x, 34; Deut., i, 33; II Esd., ix, 12; Wis., x, 17; xviii, 3; Ps. civ, 39). It may be doubted whether it covered the camp by day, as many commentators maintain. Num., x, 34, speaks only of the march, and Wis., xix, 7, does not nece.ssarily refer to the whole camp. St. Paul (I Cor., x, 1, 2, 6) considers it as a type of baptism, and the Fathers regard it as the figure of the Holy Ghost leading the faithful to the true Promised Land. The rationalistic explanation which sees in the pillar only a torch carried on a pole, such as is used even now by
