POLES
210
POLES
orders: — Holy Ghost Fathers, 10; Benedictines, 2;
Augustinian, 1; Jesuits, 5; Fathers of the Holy Cross,
10; Redemptorists, 2; Carmelite, 1; Servites, 2; Pas-
eionist, 1; Capuchin, 1; Society of the Divine Sa-
viour, 1.
Communities of Women. — (a) Bernardine Sisters of St. Francis, Reading, Pennsylvania: sisters, 70. (b) Sisters of the Third Order of St. Francis, under the Patronage of St. Cunegunde, Chicago: professed sisters, 98; novices, 6; candidates, 26. (c) Polish Franciscan School Sisters, St. Louis, Missouri: professed sisters, 29; novices, 18; postulants, 4; aspirants, 2. (d) Felician Sisters, O.S.F. The Com- munity is di\'ided into three provinces, with mother- houses at Detroit, Buffalo, and Milwaukee. (1) Western Province of Presentation of the B. V. M., mother-house at Detroit, established 1882: professed sisters, 273; novices, 30; postulants, 55; in preparatory course, 65. (2) North-western Province of the Pres- entation of the B. V. M., Milwaukee: professed sis- ters, 170; novices, 17; postulants, 27. (3) Eastern Province, Buffalo: professed choir sisters, 278; nov- ices, 32; postulants, 93; lay sisters, professed, 66; novices, 6; postulants, 21; candidates in pre- paratory course, 73. These were the statistics of the province just prior to the establishment of the new province, with mother-house in Milwaukee, to which 203 professed sisters and novices were trans- ferred (August, 1910). Eastern Province, Buffalo, New York: professed sisters, 240; novices, 50; postu- lants, 87; professed lay sisters, 61; novices, 3; postu- lants, 14; candidates, 52. (e) Sisters of the Holy Family of Nazareth, Desplaines, Illinois: professed sisters, 350; novices, 90; postulants, 45. (f) Polish Sisters of St. Joseph, Stevens Point, Wisconsin: professed sisters, 191; novices, 60; candidates, 40. (g) Sisters of the Resurrection, Chicago: professed sisters, 50; novices, 13; candidates, 19. Total num- ber in communities distinctively Polish, 2180. There are upwards of eight hundred Polish sisters in the various non-Polish communities. Of this number 412 are members of the Community of the School Sisters of Notre Dame (Milwaukee) ; 30 belong to the Holy Cross community (Notre Dame, Indiana); 73 to the Sisters of St. Francis (La Fayette, Indiana), 20 to the Sisters of St. Francis (St. Francis, Wiscon- sin).
Since 1900 the efficiency of the various census and immigration biu-eaux has been greatly improved, and statistics of Polish immigration are thoroughly re- liable. Government Census Reports have hitherto been inadequate, partly because of the indifference of the Poles themselves, who frequently were satisfied to be enumerated as Germans, Russians, and Aus- trians; the classification "nativ-es of Poland" em- bracing a large non-Polish element, and the migratory character of a large part of the Polish population all added to the confusion. The following tables from the "Report of the Twelfth Census", 1900, are not without interest:
Ye.^r
Polish Born
Foreign Population
Percentage of
Total Foreign
Population
I860
7,298
14,436
48,557
147,440
383,510
0.2
1870
0.3
1880
0.7
1890 : ..
1900
16
3.7
Persons in the United States having both parents
born in Poland, 668,536. Native white persons
having one parent born in Poland, 290,912. Total
white persons having fathers born in Poland, 704,405;
having mothers born in Poland, 683,572. The
"natives of Poland" Census, 1900, are classified as
follows:
From German Poland 150,237
From Russian Poland 154,424
From Austrian Poland 58,503
Poland, unknown 20,436
Years Ending
30 June
Immigrants
Emigrants
Net Gain
1899
1900
1901
28,446
46,938
43,617
69,620
82,343
67,757
102,437 95,835
138,033 68,105 77,565
128,348 45,448
46,727
19,290
16,884
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
2l',378
58,275
111,464
1909
1910
1910 (Julv-Dec.)
Since July, 1907, the Bureau of Immigration has
recorded the number of departing aliens. The period
embraces the financial depression of 1907-08, which
sent so many of other nationalities to Europe as to
cause a marked decrease in their American numbers.
Basing an estimate upon the record of the year end-
ing 30 June, 1910, during which year the United
States had resumed an almost normal condition,
we may safely assume that the net increase in the
number of Poles in the United States was, for the
period 1899 to 1 Jan., 1911, not less than 750,000.
In the period 1900-07 the outward movement was
very slight. The birth-rate in many of our parishes
in which the Galician element predominates is almost
50 per cent of the number of families. Statistics
given in the accompanying table are based upon the
following sources, viz: — the "Official Catholic Direc-
tory" (1911); manuscript information received from
Polish clergy and non-Polish priests labouring among
the Poles; information received from officials of
various Polish organizations; reports (several based
upon special census taken for this article) sent by
46 archbishops and bishops, in whose diocese are
more than 90 per cent of the Polish clergy; recent
reports of the Bureau of Immigration, which give the
intended destination of the immigrants. Where dis-
crepancies occur in the various reports, averages have
not been struck, but an effort was made to learn the
method used in making an estimate in typical dis-
tricts. Allowance should be made for the recent
natural increase and enormous immigration, the vast
floating population, the 800 small settlements neither
constituting Polish parishes nor having Polish pas-
tors, the "Independents", those indifferent to the
Faith, the single men. A number of the reports were
based upon a census taken in 1907. Taking all these
factors into consideration it may be safely assumed
that there are no fewer than 2,800,000 Poles in the
United States.
Archdiocese
O
0.
2
to
1
>• <
z
o o
|5
2 e
Baltimore
9
S
81 2
44
11 1
28 7 9
5
8
36 2
18 9 I
19 6 9
3
3
28 2 17
4
25
7
362
148
"2
"2
I
1,616
414
23,283
95
9,232
553
16.700
Boston
13.747
223,304
981
Milwaukee
59,182
New York
30,000
1,600
11
6
5
51
6
3,470
849
1.275
56,000
St. Louis
12.700
St. Paul
23
2
11,500
