PREACHERS
366
PREACHERS
manuscrits de Bernard Gui" in "Notices et manu-
scrits de la Bib. Nat.", XVII, pt. II, 169-455;
Douais, "Un nouveau manuscrit de Bernard Gui et
de ses chroniques des papes d' Avignon" in "Mem.
soc. .Ajcheol. Midi", XIV, 18S9, p. 417, Paris, 1SS9;
Arbellot, "Etude biographique et bibliographique
sur Bernard Guidonis", Paris-Limoges, 1896). The
fourteenth century beheld a galaxy of Dominican
historians, the chief of whom were: Francesco Pipini
of Bologna (d. 1320), the Latin translator of Marco
Polo and the author of a "Chronicon" which began
with the history of the Franks (L. Manzoni, "Di frate
Francesco Pipini da Bologna, storico, geografo,
viaggiatore del .see. XIV", Bologna, 1896); Nicholas
of Butrinto (1313), author of the "Relatio de Henrici
VII imperatoris itinere italico" (ed. Heyck, Inns-
bruck, 1888); Nicholas Trevet, compiler of the
"Annales sex regum Angliae" (ed. T. Hog, London,
1845); Jacopo of Acqui and his "Chronicon imaginis
mundi [(1330); Monumenta historise patri^, script.".
Ill, Turin, 1848] ; Galvano Fiamma (d. circa 1340)
composed various works on the history of Milan
(Ferrari, "Le cronache di Galvano Fiamma e le
fonti della Galvagnana" in "BuUetino dell' Istituto
Storico Italiano", Rome, 1S91); John of Colonna
(c. 1336) is the author of a "De vLris illustribus" and
a "Mare Historiarum" (Mandormet, "Des ecrits
authentiques de St. Thomas d'Aquin", Fribourg,
2nd ed., 1910, p. 97). In the second half of the four-
teenth century Conrad of Halberstadt WTote a "Chro-
nographia summorum Pontificum et Imperatorum
romanorum (Menck, "Die Chronographia Konrads
von Halberstadt" etc. in "Forsch. deutsch. Gesch.",
XX, 1880, 279); Henry of Hervordia (d. 1370)
wrote a "Liber de rebus memorabilibus " (ed.
Potthast, Gottingen, 18.59); Stefanardo de Vico-
mercato is the author of the rhythmical poem "De
gestis in civitate Mediolani" (in "Script. Rer. Ital.",
IX; G. Calligaris, "Alcune osservazioni sopra un
passo del poema 'De gestis in civitate Mediolani'
di Stefanardo" in "Misc. Ceriani", Milan, 1910).
At the end of the fifteenth century Hermann
of Lerbeke composed a "Chronicon comitum Schauen-
burgensium" and a "Chronicon episcoporum Min-
densium" (Eckmann, "Hermann von Lerbeke mit
besonderer Beriicksichtigung seines Lebens und der
Abfassungszeit seiner SchrLften" (Hamm, 1879);
Hermann Korner left an important "Chronica
novella" (ed. J. Schwalm, Gottingen, 1895; cf.
Waitz, "Ueber Hermann Korner und die Liibecker
Chronikon", Gottingen, 1851). The "Chronicon"
or "Summa Historialis" of St. Antoninus, Arch-
bishop of Florence, composed about the middle of
the fifteenth century is a useful compilation with
original data for the author's own times (Schaube,
"Die Quellen der Weltchronik des heil. Antonin,
Erzbischofs von Florenz" Hirschberg, 1880). Felix
Fabri (Schmid, d. 1502) left valuable historical works;
his "Evagatorium in Terra; Sanctse, Arabise et
^EgjTJti peregrinationem" (ed.. Hassler, Stuttgart,
1843) is the most instructive and important work of
this kind during the fourteenth century. He is also
the author of a "Descriptio SueviEe" ("Quellen zer
Schweizer Gesch.", Basle, 1884) and a "'Tractatua
de civitate Ulmensi" (Litterarischesverein in Stutt-
gart, no. 186, Tubingen, 1889, ed. G. Veesenm.eyer;
cf., under the names of these wTiters, Quetif-Echard,
"Script. Ord. Pr.-ed"; Chevalier. "Repertoire . . .
du moven-Sge; Bio-Bibl.", Paris, 1907; Potthiist,
"Bib. "Hist. Medii .¥.vi". Berlin, 1890; Hurter,
"Nomenclator Lit.", II, 1906).
(viii) Miscellaneous works. — Being unable to de- vote a section to each of the different spheres wherein the Preachers exercised their activity, we sh.-ill men- tion here some works which obtained considerabl(> influence or are particularly worthy of attention. The "Specula" ("Naturale", "doctrinale", " historiale " ;
the "Speculum morale" is apocrjTjhal) of Vincent
of Beauvais constitute the largest encyclopedia of the
Middle Ages and furnished materials for many sub-
sequent writers (Vogel, " Literar-historischen No-
tizen iiber den mittelalterlichen Gelehrten Vincenz
von Beauvais", Freiburg, 1843; Bourgeat, "Etudes
sur Vincent de Beauvais", Paris, 1856). The work of
Humbert of Romans, "De tractandis in concilio gen-
erali", composed in 1273 at the request of Gregory X,
and which served as a programme to the General
Council of Ljons in 1274, contains the most remark-
able views on the condition of Christian society and
the reforms to be undertaken (Morticr, "Hist, des
Maitres generaux de I'ordre des PVcres Precheurs",
I, 88). The treatise is edited in full only in BrowTi,
"Appendix ad fasc. rerum expectandarum et fugen-
darum" (London, 1690, p. 185). Burchard of Moimt
Sion with his "Descriptio Terra? Sancta;" WTitten
about 1283, became the classic geographer of Pales-
tine during the Middle Ages (J. C. M. Laurent,
"Peregrinatores medii aevi quatuor", Leipzig, 1873).
William of Moerbeke, who died as Archbishop of
Corinth about 1286, was the revisor of translations of
Aristotle from the Greek and the translator of por-
tions not hitherto translated. To him are also due
translations of numerous philosophical and scien-
tific works of ancient Greek authors (Mandormet,
"Siger de Brabant", I, 40). The "Cathohcon" of
the Genoese John Balbus, completed in 1285, is
a vast treatise on the Latin tongue, accompanied by
an etymological vocabulary. It is the first work
on profane sciences ever printed. It is also famous
because in the Mainz edition (1460) John Guttcnberg
first made use of movable t\-pe ("Incunabula xj-lo-
graphica et tj'pographica", 1455-1500, Joseph Baer,
Frankfort, 1900, p. 11). The "Philobiblion" edited
under the name of Richard of Bury, but composed by
Robert Holcot (d. 1349), is the first medieval treatise
on the love of books (ed. Cocheris, Paris, 1856; tr.
Thomas, London, 1888). John of Tambach (d.
1372), first professor of theology at the newly-founded
University of Prague (1347), is the author of a valu-
able work, the "Consolatio Theologis" (Denifle,
"Magister Johann von Dambach" in "Archiv fiir
Lift. u. Kirchengesch " III, 640). Towiirds the end
of the fifteenth century Frederico Frezzi, who died
as Bishop of Foligno (1416), composed in Italian a
poem in the spirit of the "Divina Commedia" and
entitled "II Quadriregio" (Foligno, 1725); (cf.
Canetti, "II Quadriregio", Venice, 1889; Filippini,
"Le edizioni del Quadriregio" in "Bibliofilia",
VIII, Florence, 1907). The Florentine Thomas
Sardi (d. 1517) WTote a long and valued poem,
"L'anima peregrina", the composition of which
dates from the end of the fifteenth century (Romag-
noli, "Frate Tommaso Sardi e il suo poema inedito
deir anima peregrina " in "II propugnatore", XVIII,
1885, pt. II, 289).
(ix) Liturgy. — Tow-ards the middle of the thir- teenth century the Dominicans had definitely es- tablished the 'liturgy which they still retain. The final correction (1256) was the work of Humbert of Romans. It was divided into fourteen sections or volumes. The protot\-pe of this monumental work is preserved at Rome "in the general archives of the orcler ("Script. Ord. Pra?d." I, 143; "Zeitschr. f. Kathol. Theol.". VII, 10). A portable copy for the use of the master general, a beautiful specimen of thirtccnth-centurv book-making, is preserved in the British Museum, no. 23.9135 (J. W. Legg, "Tracts on the Mass". Bradshaw Society, 1904; Barge, "Le Chant lit m-gique dans I'Ordre de Saint-Dominique" in "L'Annee Dominicaine", Paris, 1908. 27; Gagin, "Vn manuscrit liturgique des Fr&res Precheurs anter- ieur aux roglements d'Humbert de Romans " in " Revue des Ribliotheques", 1S99. p. 163; Idem. " Domini- cains et Teutoniques, conflit d'attribution du 'Liber
