QUEEN'S
600
QUEM
by the Department of the Interior in 1908. (Those
marked with an asterisk are estimated.)
Of the two oldest provinces of the dominion, Ontario and Quebec, the latter stands first as regards the number of schools, of teachers, and of average attend- ance, being inferior onlj- in the number of pupils (irrespective of the ratio to each population), and in expenditure. About one-eleventh of the number of pupils in the pro\-ince of Quebec are non-Catholics The following table, baseii on the preceding statistics, shows the relative standing of each province of the dominion, according to the percentage of average attendance for 1908:
PROVINCES
AVERAGE
ATTEND-
PERCENTAGE
OF AVERAGE
ATTENDANCE
17,311
23,558
37,279
38,584
58,343
284,988 11,646
285,418 19,841
44-26
70-71
55-52
56-42
57-35
59-55
Prince Edward Island
Quebec
64-65
76-36
52-73
Resource map. Department of the Interior, Dominion of Canada
(Ottawa, 190S) : Rapport du slirintendanl de I'instruction p-u-
Wiflue (Quebec, 1909); V.kovt.t, L'Eglise etV education au Canada
(Quebec, 1909); Anglin, Catholic Education in Canada in
Catholic Educational Association Bulletin (Columbus, O., Aug.,
1910) : Hopkins, Canada. An encyclopedia of the country (Toronto,
1898); Le Canada ecclisiastique (Montreal, 1911); Criminal
Statistics (Ottawa, 1909).
Lionel Lindsay. Queen's Daughter, The. See Societies, Cath- olic. Queensland. See Brisbane, Archdiocese of.
Quelen, Htacinthe-Lodis de, Archbishop of Paris, b. at Paris, 8 Oct., 1778; d. there 31 Dee., 1839. He was educated at the College de Navarre, and under the private tui- tion of M. Emery and other ecclesi- astics. Ordained in 1807, he served a year as \'icar- General of St. Brieuc and then became secretary to Cardinal Fesch. When the latter was sent back to his dio- cese, de Quelen exercised the sacred ministry at St. Sulpice and in the mili- tary hospitals. Under the Res- toration of 1814 he became suc- cessively spiritual directorof the schools in the archdio- cese, Vicar-General of Paris, and coadjutor archbishop to Cardinal de Talleyrand-P(5rigord, succeeding the lat- ter in 1821. The favours of Louis XVIII and Charles X did not make him subservient. As a peer of the realm he opposed, on behalf of the middle classes, the conver- sion of the national debt. At his reception into the French Academy he publicly lauded Chateaubriand, then in disgrace. While blessing the corner-stone of the Chnpdle Expiatoire he demanded, though in vain, an amnesty for the exiled members of the Convention; and the ordinance of 1828, disbanding the Jesuits and limiting the recruiting of the clergy,
was issued against his advice. Although de Quelen
had not approved the royal ordinance of July, 1830,
which aimed at restoring absolute monarchy, he was
nevertheless held in suspicion by the House of Orleans.
On one occasion Louis-Phihppe said to him: "Arch-
bishop, remember that more than one mitre has been
torn asunder". "Sire", replied the archbishop,
"Ood protect the crown of the king, for many royal
crowns too have been shattered".
Apart from some official functions such as the chris- tening of the Comte de Paris, the obsequies of the Duke of Orleans and the Te Deum sung in honour of the French victory in Africa, he confined himself to his episcopal duties, visiting the parishes of his juris- diction, looking after the religious instruction of military recruits, and organizing the metropolitan clergy. In the outbreaks which followed the Revolu- tion of 1830 the archbishop, twice driven from his palace, had to seek refuge in humble quarters and to bear in silence the worst calumnies against his person. However, when the epidemic of 1832 broke out, he nobly transformed his seminaries into hospitals, personally ministered to the sick at the Hotel-Dieu, and founded at his own expense the "ffiuvre des orphelins du cholera". He died shortly after, having the joy of witnessing the conversion of the apostate Bishop of Autun, the Prince de Talleyrand. Ravignan eulogized him at Xotre-Dame, and de Mol^ at the French Academy. From de Quelen's episco- pate date the "Societe de St. Vincent de Paul", the "Conferences apologetiques de X'otre-Dame" and several religious institutes, among which are the nursing Sisters of Bon-Secours. Besides the eulogies on Louis XVI (Paris, 1816), on Madame Ehzabeth (Paris, 1817), on the Duke de Berry (Paris, 1830), his "Discours de reception a l'acadt?mie frangaise" (Paris, 1824), and some 120 pastoral letters, we have from his pen "Manuels pour I'administration des Sacrements de I'Eucharistie et de I'Extreme-Onction: du Bapteme des Enfants: du Mariage" (3 vols., Paris, 1837-38) collected in the "Rituel de Paris".
Biographies by d'Exauvillez (Paris, 1840), and Henrion (Paris, 1840); Pisani in V Episcopal fram;ais (Paris, 1907). s. v.; d'Avenel, Les eviques et archeviques de Paris (Tournai, 1878); see also Memoires de Jauffret, III (Paris, 1824) ; Ami de la Religion (Paris, 1840), CIV; ie«iuf Ecclesiastique, II (Paris, 1840).
J. F. SOLLIER.
Quern terra, pontus, sidera. — An ancient hymn in honour of the Blessed Virgin, ascribed to Fortu- natus by Thomasius and Mone without question but also without assigning any reason. Kayser (Bei- triige etc., I, 393) remarks that it is not found in the MSS. of Fortunatus's works, to whom, however, Dreve8("Analecta Hymnica", L, I,eipzig, 1907, 86-8) and Blume (see Hymxody) refer it. The Roman Brevi- ary divides it into two parts: the first, beginning with "Quem terra, pontus, sidera", assigned to Matins in the Common Office, and also the Little Office of the Blessed Virgin; the second, beginning with "O glori- osa virginum", similarly assigned to Lauds. Both parts conclude with the doxology of Marian hymns, " Jesu tibi sit gloria etc." As found thus, the hymns are re-\'isions, in the interest of classical prosody, of the older hymn, "Quem terra, pontus, a?thcra", found in many old breviaries, and in MSS. dating from the eighth centun,'. In the Cistercian office it w-as sung at Compline during Advent. Sometimes it was divi- ded into two parts, as now in the Roman Breviary, the second part beginning with "O gloriosa Domina" (or "femina"). Including both theolderand the revised form, there are eighteen translations into English of the first part and fourteen of the second part, nearly all of which are by Catholics. In the Marquess of Bute's "The Roman Breviarj'" (1879), however, the versions selected are those of the Anglican trans- lators, J. M. Neale and R. F. Littledale. The beau- tiful versions of Father Caswall, appearing originally
