QUINQUAGESIMA
614
QUIRINI
the Romans and of Hungarj', to promote that cause.
The cardinal, however, did not live to see the opening
of the Council of Trent inl.545. His body was brought
from Veroli to Rome and buried in his titular church
in a tomb which he had prepared for himself.
Quiiiones left some legislative compilations for his order, but is best known for his reform of the Roman Bre^^ary undertaken by order of Clement VII (see Brevi.\rt: VI. Reforms).
W.vDDixG. Annalesviinoram. XYI. 2nd eA (Rome, 1736), ad ann. 1521. 1523. 1530. 1539. 1540: Idem. Script. Ord. Min. (Rome. 1906). 91; Sbaralea. SuppUmenlum ad Scriptores (Rome. 190S), 297; DE GcBERXATis. Orbts Seraphicus. I (Rome. 1672). 205-15; Artdrus a Mon'asterio. Martt/rologium Franciscanum (Paris, 1653), 465; Hierarchia cathatica medii cbtx. III, edd. van Gulik- EcBEL (Munster, 1910), 22, 70, 105, 176; van den Haute, Breviarium historicum ordinis Min. (Rome. 1777). 330-32; G\JjnE^iTins, Beitrdge zur Kirchengeschichte des XVI. und XVII. Jahrhunderts (Bozen. 1S80), 8, n. 1. 34. 244. n. 1; d'.\lcedo. Le cardinal de Quiiiones el la Sainle-Ligue (Bayonne. 1910). — For his reform of the Breviarv. Arevalo, Hymnodia hispanica (Rome, 1786), 385-^31: B.iumer, Gesch. des Breriers (Freiburg im Br., 1895), 392^09; Batiffol, Histoire du Bririaire Romain (Paris, 1911), 274-89: Gasquet-Bishop, Edward VI and the Book o/ Common Prayer (London, 1890), 29 sqq.
LrvABius Oliger.
Quinquagesima (fiftieth), the period of fifty days before Ea.ster. It begins with the Sunday before Ash Wednesday, called Doniinica in Quinquagesima or EMo Mihi from the beginning of the Introit of the Mass; it is a Sunday of the second class, and the colourof the Mass and Office is \-iolet. Formany early Christians it was the beginning of the fast before Easter, hence called, as with the S>Tians, Dom. in- gressus jejunii. For some, Quinquagesima marked the time after which meat was forbidden and was there- fore called Dom. carnis pririum, ad carries lolUndas, carneiala: by the Poles, Ned. zapuslna. Since these regulations affected mainlj' the clergy, we find the name carnis privium sacerdotum and in Gennany herren fastnachl. Where abstinence from meat began earlier, this Sunday introduced the time in which neither milk nor eggs, etc. {ova et laclicinia) were allowed, hence called by the Greeks Dom. casei comeslrix et ovonim; Melchites, suhlatiotiis ovorum el ca- sei; Austrians, Kdse- or Milchfaschingsonntag. Sonntag in der Butterwoche: Italians, de' latticini; and Servians, bele poktade (white meats). The Slavs name it \ed. III. predpepelniena, i. e. the third Sunday before Ash Wednesday; the Bohemians, Ned. II. po deritniku, i. e. the second Sunday after the ninth before Easter. In many places this Sunday and the next two days were used to prepare for Lent by a good confession; hence in England we find the names Shrove Sunday and Shrovetide. As the days before Lent were fre- quently spent in merry-making. Benedict XIV by the Constitution "Inter Cetera" (1 Jan., 1748) intro- duced a kind of Forty Hours' Devotion to keep the faithful from dangerous amusementsand to makesome reparation for sins committed. Quinquagesima also means the time between Easter and Pentecost, or from the Saturday after Easter to the Sunday after Pentecost; it is then called Quinquagesima Paschce, paschalis, or leetilice.
DccuESNE. Chriitian Worship (London, 1904), 244, 246; Rock, The Church of Our Fathers. IV (London, 1904). 70; BlN- TERiM, DenkwHrdigkeilen, V. 1, 156; Nilles. Kal. .Man.. II; Benoer, Pastoral Theologie. Ill (Ratisbon. 1863). 197.
Fran-CIS Mershman.
Quintana, .\orsTiN, missionarj' and Indi.an phi- lologist, b. at Antequera, the capital of Oaxaca, Mex- ico, about IfifiO; d. at Oaxaca, 1734. He entered the Order of Preachers in that city in 1688, and was soon thereafter sent as missionarj' priest to the Mixe Indians of southern Oaxaca, among whom he laboured for twenty-<'ight years, mastering their difficult lan- guage to a degree never attained by any other white man. He w;is then api>ointed superior of the con- vent of Zacavila, but on account of broken health was soon afterward retired to the main convent at Ante-
quera, where he devoted the rest of his life to writings
in the Mixe language. This being the earliest publica-
tion in that language, in spite of age and infirmity, he
made several journeys to Puebla, to supervise the
making of special t\-pes. His most important work
was a grammar and a series of articles on the principal
articles of the Faith, under the title, " In.stituci6n cris-
tiana, que contiene el Arte de la Lengua Mije etc,"
(Puebla, 1729). (See also Mixe Indi.\xs.)
Beristain y Socza. Biblioteca Hispano-Americana Setentrional,
II (Amecameca. 1SS3).
James Moonet.
Quiricus and Julitta (Cirtcus and Julitta), S.\iNTS, martyred under Diocletian. The names of these two martyrs, who in the early Church en- joyed a widespread veneration, are found in the "NIartyrologium Hieronymianum " (ed. De Rossi- Duchesne, 79) and also in the calendars and menolo- gies of the Greek and other Oriental Churches. Ac- cording to the Acts of their martyrdom, which ap- peared later, and a letter of the sixth centurj-, Julitta fled with her three-months-old child, Quiricus, from Lycaonia, when the Maximinian persecution broke out there, to Isauria and thence to Tarsus in Cilicia. She suffered marti.Tdom in the last-named city after her child had first been killed before her eyes. The veneration of the two martyrs was common in the West at an early date, .as is proved by the chapel dedicated to them in the Church of Santa Maria .\ntiqua at Rome, as well as by testimony from Gaul. Their relics are said to have been brought to the monastery of Saint -Amand [Ehwnense monasterium) in the Diocese of Tournai. The feast is observed on 16 June; in the Sraaxarium of Constantinople it is set under the date of 15 July.
Acta SS., Ill June, 23 sq.; Analecla Boll.. I (1881). 192 sq.; Bibl. hagiogr. latina. I, 271 sq.; Bibl. hagiogr. grccca, 2nd ed., 47; Synaxarium eccles. Constantinopolitanfr, ed. Delehate (Brussels. 1902), 821 sq.; Rcshforth. The Church of Santa Maria .Antigua in Papers of the British School at Rome, I (London, 1902). 3S sqq.
J. P. KiRSCH.
Quirinal. See Rome.
Quirini (Querixi), Axgelo M.\ria, cardinal and scholar, b. at Venice, 30 March, 1680; d. at Brescia, 6 January, 1755. In 1696 he entered the Benedictine Order at Florence, and was appointed professor of Sacred Scripture in his monastery in 1705. Five years later he started on an educational journey through Germany, the Xetherlands, England, and France. In 1718 the pope appointed him a member of the commission instituted for the revision of the Greek liturgical books, and in 1723 named him Bishop of Corfu. A few years later Quirini was transferred to the Bishopric of Brescia and elevated to the car- dinalate. He was placed at the head of the V.atican Library in 1730, and became subsequently prefect of the Congregation of the Index. He was elected a member of the Vienna Academy of Sciences in 1747 and of the Berlin .\cademy the following year. .About this time his opposition to the proposed reduction in the number of holy days involved him in a controversy with Muratori, which lasted until Rome enjoined silence on both parties in 17.50. His part in the dis- cussions concerning the Patriarchate of Aquileia re- sulted in his enforced retirement from Rome the following year. Quirini generously contributed from his personal means to the relief of the financial needs of the German mis.sionary districts. His writings include works on the liturgy and hi.stor>- of the Greek Church, the histor>- of the papacy (Paul II), and that of Corfu and Brescia. They also include an edition of Cardinal Pole's correspondence (Brescia, 1744-57).
Bacdbilurt, De Card. Quirini rita et oprribwi (Paris, 1889); CaALMERa. Biographical Dictionary (London. 1816), s. v.
N. A. Weber,
