ROMAN
135
ROMAN
Tasbag (1716, at Constantinople); Nicholas Bosco-
vich (1731).
COLLEGIO DEI MaRONITI (ThE MaRONITE COL- LEGE), founded by Gregory X II I , li ;id its first site near the Church of S. Maria dclhi iMcoccia near the Piazza di Trevi. It was richly endowed by Sixtus V and Car- dinal Antonio Caraffa, and also by other popes, and was entrusted to the Jesuits; the pupils attended the Gregorian University. During the Revolution of 1798 the College was suppressed, and the Maronites who wished to study at Rome went to the Collegio Urbano. In 1893 Mgr. Khayat, the Maronite Patriarch, obtained the restoration of the college from Leo XIII. The Holy See gave part of the funds, the remainder was collected in France, and in 1894 the new college was inaugurated. In 1904 it acquired its own residence, and is now under the charge of Maronite secular priests. The students numbered 8 at the beginning, there are now 19; the greatest number that can be received is 24.
Collegio Belga (Tue Belgian College), estab- lished in 1844 through the initiative of Mgr Aerts, aided by the nuncio in Belgium, then Mgr. Pecci, and by the Belgian bishops. At first it was located in the home of Mgr Aerts, rector of the Belgian national Church of S. Giuliano. In 1845 the ancient monas- tery of Gioacchino ed Anna at the Quattro Fontane was purchased. The Belgian episcopate supports the students and proposes the president. The students, 20 and more in number, attend the Gregorian; their dress is distinguished by two red stripes at the ends of the sash.
Collegio degli Stati Uniti dell' A.merica del NoRD. See American College, The, in Ro.me.
Collegio Pio Latino-Americano. — -See American College, The South, in Rome.
Collegio Polacco (The Polish College). — In 1583, St. Philip Neri, and in alxmt 1600, King John Casimir had begun the foundation of a college for Poles, but their institute; was short-lived. In 1866 a college was finally opened du(; to the efforts of the Congregation of the Resurrection, which raised the first funds to which Princess Odescalclii, Pius IX, and others contributcnl later. In 1878 the college was transferred to its present location, the former Mar- onite College, and the adjoining church was dedicated to St. John Cantius. The students, some of whom pay a small pension, number 30 and are distinguished by their green sashes; they attend the lectures in the Gregorian. The college is under the care of the Res- urrectionists and possesses a villa at Albano.
Collegio Illirico (The Illyrian College), es- tablished in 1863 by Pius IX to prepare priests for Dalmatia, Croatia, Bosnia, and Slavonia, and was lo- cated in the Illyrian hospice near the Church of S. Girolamo degli Schiavoni ; but after a few years^ no more students were received. In 1900, Leo XIII reorganized the Illyrian hospice and decided to form a college of priests of the above-mentioned provinces, who would attend to the services in the church and at the same time pursue ecclesiastical studies.
Seminario Francese (The French Seminary). — The French bishops at the Council of La Rochelle (1853) petitioned Pius IX to approve of their plan of founding a French Seminary in Rome for the special purpose of training a body of priests strongly attached to the Holy See and prepared to counteract the influ- ence of Gallican ideas. The seminary was opened the same year with 12 students under the direction of P. Lamurien of the Congregation of the Holy Ghost, which order still directs it, while the students attend the lectures at the Gregorian. The students are in part priests who wish to perfect their knowledge, and partly seminarists preparing for the priesthood. The seminary is located in the Via del Seminario; its first site was the old Irish College near the Trajan Forum. In 1856 Pius IX assigned to the seminary the Church
of S. Chiara with the adjoining Poor Clare convent,
founded in 1560 by St. Charles Borromeo on the ruins
of the Baths of Agrippa. The (church was rebuilt on
the plan of Notre-Dame-des-Victoires in Paris; in
1883 the monastery was entirely remodelled to suit its
present purpose. Leo XIII declared it a pontifical
seminary in 1902. The students pay a pension,
though in some cases it is paid from the funds of their
diocese; students not belonging to France are also ad-
mitted. The seminarists generally number between
100 and 120 (cf. Eschbach, "Le s^minaire pontifical
fran^ais de Rome", Rome, 1903).
Collegio dei Cappellani di S. Luigi dei Fran- CEsi. — This is another French institution. The church dating from 1496 served as a parish for the French residents at Rome. In 1840 on the proposal of Cardinal Bonnechose the parish was suppressed and the revenue applied to create chaplaincies for young students, French priests, who wished to spe- cialize at Rome in canon law, archaeology, or ecclesiasti- cal history. Until 1906 the chaplains publislued the " Annales de St. Louis des Fran^ais", devoted specially to history. After the decease of Mgr Cadenc, they undertook the continuation of the "Analccta Eccle- siastica" containing the Acts of the Holy See, as well as moral and canonical dissertations.
Collegio Boemo (The Bohemian College), estab- lished in 1884 partly with the revenues of the ancient Bohemian hospice founded by Emperor Charles IV, and with contributions of Leo XIII and the Bohemian bishops. The site was transferred several times, but in 1888 the old monastery of S. Francesca Romana in the Via Sistina was purchased. The rector is always one of the professors in the Propaganda, which the students attend. They number from 24 to 28 and are distinguished by their black sashes with two yel- low stripes at the extremities. They have a villa at Trevi in Urnbria.
Collegio Armeno (The Armenian College). — Gregory XIII in 1584 had decreed the erection of a college for tlie Armenians (Bull "Romana Ecdesia"), but tlie plan fell through. When the Collegio Ur- bano (A the Propaganda was founded later there were always some places for students of this nation. Fi- nally, in 1885, Gregory's proposal was carried into efTect, thanks to the generosity of some wealthy Ar- menians and of Leo XIII. The college was granted the Church of S. Nicola da Tolentino in the street of that name. The president is an Armenian prelate; the students numbering from 20 to 25 attend the lec- tures at the Propaganda, and wear red sashes and large-sleeved Oriental cloaks.
Collegio Spagnuolo (The Spanish College), founded in 1892 through the initiative of Leo XIII and the generosity of the episcopacy, the royal family, and otlicr benefactors in Spain. Installed at first in the national hospice of S. Maria in Monserrato, it was transferred later to the Palazzo Altemps near S. Apol- linare. The students numbering 70 are for the most part supported by their bishops; they attend the Gregorian, and are distinguished by a pelerine and a sky-blue sash. The direction is entrusted to the pious Spanish Congregation of the Operarii Dia-cesani.
Collegio Canadese (The Canadian College). — Cardinal Howard took the first steps towards the erec- tion of this institute. The Canadian Congregation of St. Sulpice undertook to defray the expenses. The building was soon erected (1887) in the Via delle Quattro Fontane, and in 1888 the first pupils were enrolled. Some of the students are priests and fol- low the lectures in the Propaganda, and those who have already completed their studies in Canada are privileged to receive a degree after two years in Rome. The Sulpicians are in charge of the college.
PoNTiFico Collegio Portoghese (The Portu- guese Pontifical College), founded in 1901 by Leo XIII; its direction is entrusted to Italian secular
