SCHERER
528
SCHINNER
them the future Cardinal Khlesl. His works were
collected and published bj' the Premonstratensians of
Bruck, Moravia (1599-1600), and again issued at Mu-
nich (1613-1614). Noteworthy are his "29 Predigten
von Notis, Merkund Kennzeichen der wahren und
falschen Kirchen."
SocHER, Historia Protinciae AustricB S.J. (Vienna, 1740); ScHMiDL, Historia Protincue Bohemice, t. II, (Prague, 1747); Stoger, Scriptores Provincics Austrice (Vienna, 1856); Raess, Die Koniertiten, II (Freiburg, 1866); Hurter, Nomenclator Lit- terarius. III, 3rd ed.; de Guilhermy, Menologe de la C. de J., AssUtance de Germanie, I ser., 2nd pt. (Paris, 1898); Janssen, Geschichle des deutschen Volkes, tr. VII, 160; IX, 119, 121, 36.3, 379; X, 32, 36, 19S, 202, 205, 332, 350; XII, 261, 336, 384; XIV, 334, 452, 455, 463, 483; XV, 42, 290, 418; XVI, 281, 463; SoMMERVOGEL, Bibl. de la C. de J., VII; Schwickerath, Severe attitude of the Jef:uils in the triah for witchcraft in -4m. Calh. Quarterly Review. XXVII (Philadelphia, 1902); Duhr, Geschichte der Jesuiten in dtn Ldndern detUscher Zunge im X VI. Jahrhundert (Freiburg im Br., 1907); Stimmen aus Maria-Laach, XXXI, p. 556; XLVIII, p. 153; Duhr in Zeitschrift fur kath. TheoL, XII.
John C. Reville.
Scherer-Boccard, Theodore, Count von, a Swiss Catholic journalist and politician; b. at Dornach in the canton of Solothurn, 12 May, 1816; d. at So- lothurn, 6 Feb., 1885. Theodore Scherer belonged to a distinguished family of the City of Solothurn. He attended the gymnasium of this city, took the philosophical course at the lyceum of the same place, and then studied law at the Athenaum conducted by the Jesuits at Fribourg in Switzerland. After this he returned to Solothurn and devoted himself to journal- ism, founding the newspaper "Die Schildwache am Jura" (1836-41), in which he defended the freedom of the Church and the rights of the people. In addi- tion to this he established in 1839 a bureau of corre- spondence with conservative tendencies. From 1838 he was also a member of the great council of the can- ton. His political activity in this body brought him into conflict with the Government and obliged him in 1841 to live abroad for some time in Alsace and Paris. At the close of 1841 he was called to Lucerne where he founded and edited the "Staatszeitung der katho- lischen Schweiz", which became the chief organ of the Catholic-Conservative party. In 1843 he returned to Solothurn and served out a term of imprisonment to which he had been condemned on account of the events of 1841. In 1845 he was made secretary to Magistrate Siegwart-Miiller of Lucerne, who was the president of the Sonderbund. Scherer himself had a share also in the founding of the Sonderbund. After the unfortunate ending of the war of the Sonderbund he returned to private life at Solothurn, where he de- voted him.self to labours on behalf of Catholic inter- ests and of social subjects. He did much journalistic work, being a contributor to numerous Catholic jour- nals of Switzerland and Germany. During a visit to Rome in 1852 he was made a Roman count by Pius IX. From 1855 he lived in the small castle of Htinenberg near Lucerne. In 1868 he married Marie Louise von Boccard, and after that used the double name Scherer-Boccard. In 1844 Scherer founded the Aca/iemy of St. Charles Borromeo, an a.s.sociation of the Catholic scholars of Switzerland, and edited as the organ of the association a journal called "Katholische Annalen" (Lucerne, 1847); the war of the "Sonderbund" put an end to this periodical and to the academy also. In 1857 he was one of the founders of the Swiss Pius Association (PiiLsverein), and from the time the society was established until his death he was the president of the central organiza- tion ; he was also the head of the Society for Home Missions, founded in 1863. He wa. in touch with the <af holies of Germany and spoke repeatedly at the Gf-rman-Catholic cfjngresses.
Scherer-Boccard issued thirty-five separate pub- lications, large and small, containing apologetic, biogr;iphical, or historical matter. The most note- worthy of these are: "Revolution und Restauration der Staatswissenschaft" (Augsburg and Lucerne,
1842, 2nd ed., 1845) ; " Die funfzehnjahrige Fehde der
Revolution gegen die katholische Schweiz 1830-45"
(Lucerne, 1846); "Das Verhaltniss zwischen Kirche
und Staat" (Ratisbon, 1846, 2nd ed., 1854); "Die
Reformbewegung unserer Zeit und das Christen-
thum" (Augsburg, 1848); "Der heilige Vater. Be-
trachtungen liber die Mission und die Verdienste des
Papstthums" (Munich, 1850), French tr., "Le Saint-
Pere. Considerations sur la mission et les merit es de
la Papaut^" (Paris, 1853); "Heidenthum und Chris-
tenthum betrachtet in den Monumenten des alten
und neuen Roms" (Schaffhausen, 1853, 2nd ed.,
1880) " Lebensbilder aus der Gesellschaft Jesu. Ein
Beitrag zur Geschichte der katholischen Restaura-
tion" (Schaffhausen, 1854). He was also one of the
editors of the "Archiv fiir schweizerische Reforma-
tionsgeschichte" (3 vols., Fribourg. 1869-75).
Mayer, Graf Theodor Scherer-Boccard. Ein Beitrag zur Ge- schichte der katholischen Bewegung in der Schweiz (Einsiedeln, 1900), with portrait. FrIEDRICH LaUCHERT,
Schiavone (Schiaon), Andrea. See Meduli<5, Andreas.
Schinner, Augustin Francis. See Superior, Diocese of.
Schinner, Matth^us, bishop, cardinal, and statesman, b. at Miihlbach in the Canton of Valais, Switzerland, about 1470; d. of the plague at Rome, 1 October, 1522. He was the son of the lord of Mar- tigny; his uncle Nicholas, later Bishop of Sion (Sitten), gave him his early instruction. He embraced the ecclesiastical career, and eventually became parish priest of Aernen (1496), and canon and dean of the cathedral of Sion. When his uncle resigned, he was made Bishop of Sion (20 September, 1499). Schin- ner's great diplomatic skill and his influence over the other Swiss cantons allied with Valais made him the right hand of Popes Juhus II and Leo X in their efforts to unite Italy and expel the French. In 1511, as a result of an alliance brought about by Schinner, the Swiss made two unsuccessful campaigns against Milan. As a reward for securing this alliance, he was made Bishop of No vara and also cardinal in 1511. In 1512, as papal legate for Italy and Germany, he was appointed commander of a Swiss and Venetian army, drove the French from Milan, and established Maximilian Sforza as duke. However, as Louis XII again captured Milan after the death of Julius II, Schinner once more took the field at the head of the Swiss Confederates, and defeated the P'rench in the battle of Novara (1513). The Duke of Milan re- warded Schinner with the margraviate of Vigevano.
When, under Francis I the French recrossed the Alps, Schinner led the Swiss troops, part of which had retired, at the unfortunate battle ofMarignano (1515). In 1516 he raised another army with the aid of England, but was unable to regain Milan. He now sought to attain his end by an alliance be- tween the pope, the emperor, England, and Spain, for which purpose he went him.self in 1516 to London, but the reconciliation of the Swiss Confederation and the emj)eror with France made the alliance abortive. During his long absence from home the French party there, under his bitter enemy George Supersax, raised a rebellion and drove him from Sion. He lived for several years at Zurich (1517-19), and thenceforth mostly at the court of the emperor. He supported the election of Charles V as emperor in 1519, for which he was made Bishop of Catania in Sicily (Nov., 1520). In 1521 he led an army of Swiss Confederates in the imperial campaign against PYancis I for the possession of Milan. But for his passionate hatred of France, he would have been elected the 8UC(!(;ssor of Leo X; however, Adrian VI callecl him to Rome as administrator of the States of the Church. He died without having seen his diocese again. His large and widely scattered correspondence is the only literary work he left. The
