SEVILLE
746
SEVILLE
tacUa founded the Colepio Mayor, or "Great College"
called the Maese Rodrigo. Carlos III took away the
general studies from this college, ordering them to be
transferred, in 1771, to the professed house of the
Jesuits expelled by him.
Among the churches of Seville those worthy of mention are: Santa Ana en Triana, thirteenth-century Gothic, buUt by order of Alfonso X; S. Andres, which preserves some considerable traces of the mosque it originally was; S. Esteban, with its inudejar door and paintings by Zuraran; S. Ildefonso, perhaps the oldest church in' Seville, dating, Uke S. Isidoro and the formerly Mozarabic church of S. Juhan, from the Visigotluc period. S. Lorenzo possesses the "Christ carrying the Cross" of Jan Martinez Montancs which is called el Gran Poder (the Great Power). Other churches are the Magdalena, S. Marcos, Sta. Marina, S. Martin, S. Nico- las, etc. The picture gallery con t aiii8 more Aluriiios than any other gallery in the world; indeed, to know this master it is necessar}' to visit Se\nlle. The archi- episcopal palace (sev- enteenth -century) has a fine Platcresque doorway. The eccle- siastical seminary, fir.st established at San Lucar de Bar-
rameda, in 1830, in Principal Facade of
the archiepiscopate
of Cardinal Francisco Javier de Cienfuegos y Jovella- nos, was tran.sferred to Seville in 1848, under Arch- bishop Judas Jose Romo, and estabUshed in the Plaza de Maese Rodrigo; it now occupies the palace of San Tehno, which belongs to the dukes of Montpensier. The Archives of the Indies, preserved in Casa Lonja, contain immense trea.sures in the way of documents for the history of early Spanish missions in America and Oceania. Among the benevolent institutions are the Hospital of Las Cinco Llagas (or La Sangre), that of S. L^zaro, that of El Cristo de los Dolores, etc.
De E8PINOSA, Epincopotouios: Anliyurtlades de Senlla; Da VILA, Tealro de las Eglesias de Seville; Florez, Enpafla Sagrada, IX (3rd ed., Madrid, 1860); Madhazo, Sevilla in Espafia, sus monumentos (Barcelona, 1884); Valverde, Gula de Espafia y PoHugal (Madrid, 1886) ; Alderete, Guia ecclesidstica de Espafia (Madrid, 1888).
Ram6n Ruiz Amado.
Seville, University of. — In the middle of the thirtwnth century the Dominicans, in order to pre- pare mi.ssionaries for work among the Moors and Jews, organized schools for the teaching of Arabic, Hebrew, and Greek. To co-operate in this work and to en- hance the prestige of Seville, Alfonso the Wise in 1254 established in that city "general schools" {encuelas generalea) of Arabic and Latin. Alexander IV, by Bull of 21 June, 1260, recognized this foundation as a generate lilterarum uludiurn and granted its members certain dispensations in the matter of residence. Later, the cathedral chapter establishfid ecclesiastical studies in the (Jollege of San Miguel. Rodrigo de Santaello, archdeacon of the cathedral and c<nimion]y known as Mafise Rodrigo, began the construction of a building for a university in 1472; in 1.502 the Cath- olic Majesties published the royal decree creating the university, and in 1505 Julius II granted the Bull of authorization; in ].5(W the college of Maese Rodrigo was finally installed in its own building, under, the
name of Santa Maria de Jesiis, but its courses were
not opened until 1516. The Catholic Majesties and
the pope granted the power to confer degrees in logic,
philosophy, theology, and canon and civil law. It
should be noted that the colegio mayor de Maese
Rodrigo and the universit}' proper, although housed in
the same building, never lost their several identities,
as is shown by the fact that, in the eighteenth cen-
tury, the university was moved to the College of San
Hermanegildo, while that of Maese Rodrigo remained
independent, although languishing.
The influence of the University of Seville, from the ecclesiastical point of view, though not equal to that of the Universities of Salamanca and of Alcald, was nevertheless consid- erable. From its lecture halls came Sebastiiin Antonio de Cortes, Riquelme, Rioja, Luis Germdn y Rimb6n, founder of the Horatian Academy, Juan Sdn- chcz, professor of mathematics at San Tolmo, Martin Al- berto Carbajal, Car- dinal Belluga, Car- dinal Francisco Solis Folch, Marcelo Doye y Pelarte, Bernardo deTorrijos, Francisco Aguilar Ribon, the Abate Marc hen a, Albert o Lista, and many others who shone in the magis- tra(;y, or were dis- THE Alcazar, Seville tinguished ecclesias-
tics. The influence of the University of Seville on the development of the fine arts, was very great. In its shadow the school of the famous master Juan de Mablara was founded, and intellects like those of Herrera (q. v.) Arquij6, and many others were developed, while there were formed literary and artistic clubs, hke that of Pacheco, which was a school for both painting and poetry. During the period of secularization and sequestration (1845- 57) the University of Seville passed into the control of the State and received a new organization. At pres- ent it cornprises the faculties of philosophy and let- ters, law, sciences, and medicine, with an enrolment (1910) of 1100 students.
At the same time that the royal university was es- tabhshed, there was developed the Universidad de Mareanles (university of sea-farers), in which body the Catholic Majesties, by a royal decree of 1503, estab- lished the Casa de Contratncidn with classes of i)ilots and of seamen, and courses in cosmography, mathe- matics, military tactics, and artillery. This estab- lishment was of incalculable importance, for it was there that the expeditions to the Indies were organ- ized, and there that the great Spanish sailors were educated. This species of polytechnic scliool, which, according to Eden, Bourn6, and Humboldt, taught a great deal to Europ(>, following the fortunes of Sjianish science, fell into decay in the seventeenth century.
De la Fuente, IUhI. de las univcrsidades (IS87); Ortiz deZi';- NIOA, Anales eclesidslicos y aecularcs de Sevill/i (1667); de la Cua- URA Y Lidaja, Hint, del colegio mayor de Santo Tomdn de Sevilla (1890); de AviS6n, Sevillnna medicina (1419); Caro, Anligtic- dnden de Sevilla (UKM); Pkatohte, Apunles para nnahiblioteca cientifica esptiflola (1H91); Martinez Villa, Resefia histurica de la universulad de SevilUi y descripridn de hu iglrsia (1886); HazanaB DE LA RUA, Maese Rodrigo {IU4-IMH) (1909); Padrino y HolIs, Memorias literarias de la Real Academia Sevillana de Buenos Letras (1773).
Teodoro Rodriguez.
