SHARPS
753
SHEA
Apostolic for the southern part of his vicariate
Father John Baptist Anzer, a member of the Steyl
Seminary. Father Anzer with another missionary of
the same seminary went to this part of the mission,
where the Cathohc reUgion had been scarcely preached
before. Later, other missionaries of the same society
came, and in 1886 the Vicariate Apostolic of South-
ern Shan-tung was erected. In 1898 Ihe four civil
districts of Kiao-Chau, Tsi-Me, Kau-Mi, and Chu-
chong, belonging to the German Government, were
added. The climate is temperate, and there are
12,000,000 inhabitants. The mi.ssion is entrusted
to the priests of the Divine W®rd of Steyl. The ac-
tual vicar Apostolic is Rt. Rev. Mgr. Augustine Hen-
ninghaus, titular Bishop of Hypa>pa, appointed 7
Aug., 1904. He resides at Yen-Chu-Fu. In 1904
the missionhad : 37 European priests; 11 native priests;
26,300 Catholics; 40,400 catechumens; and 130
churches and chapels. In 1908 there were: 46 Euro-
pean priests; 12 native priests; 35,301 Catholics;
39,838 catechumens; 131 churches and chapels; 1
seminary, with 6 students; 1 preparatory seminary,
with 50 students; 8 Chino-German schools, with 323
students; 107 schools for catechumens, with 1384 stu-
dents; 2 schools for catechists, with 194 students; 33
Chinese schools, with 350 pupils; 1 college for Euro-
pean girls, with 51 students; 2 asylums for old men,
with 68 inmates; 1 hospital; 6 orphanages, with 428
orphans; 3 Marianist Brothers; 12 sisters of the Fran-
ciscan Missionaries of Mary; 6 Servants of the Holy
Ghost.
Missiones CatholiccB (Rome, 1907). V. H. MONTANAR.
Sharpe, James (alias Pollard), b. at York, 1577; d. at Lincoln, 1630. Converted when young, he made his priestly studies at the English College, Valladolid, was ordained in 1604, and returned to England in 160(). Here a singular trial awaited him. Believing that he might assist his parents to the Faith, he visited them at Evcriiigham, but was insidiously kept a prisoner at home, and subjected to every pos- sible pressure to induce him to renounce the Faith. Disputations and entreaties alternated with threats, the use of violence, and constant surveillance. While his mother conjured him on her knees to yield, his father begged the authorities rather to keep him close in England, than to let him go into exile. But the "Annals" of his College attest that Sharpe was a man " of great courage and learning " . His constancy prevailed. He was eventually taken to the arch- bishop's prison, then deported. Having entered the Society of Jesus (1608), he became professor of Scripture at Louvain for three years, after which he returned, and worked on the English mission until his death. He WTote "The Trial of Protestant Private Spirit" (s. 1., 1630).
Foley, Records, II (1884), 618; Blackfan, Annates collegii S. Albani Vallesoleti (London, 1898); More, Hist. prov. angli- cancB S.J. (St. Omers, 1660); Gillow, Bibl. Diet. Eng. Cath.,
8- V. J. H. Pollen.
Shea, John Dawson Gilmary, historian, b. in New York, 22 July, 1824; d. at Elizabeth, New Jersey, 22 Feb., 1892. The name Gilmary (Servant of Mary) was assumed at a late period of his life. Young Shea was a pupil of the Sisters of Charity, and a graduate of the Columbia College grammar school, of which his father was principal. At an early age he became a clerk in a Spanish merchant's office, where he learned to read and write Spanish fluently. When only fourteen he contributed an article on the soldier-cardinal Albornoz to the "Young Peo- ple's Catholic Magazine" (1838). Subsequently he studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1846. In the following year he entered the novi- tiate of the Society of Jesus at Fordham, New York, and remained a member of the order until 1852. As a Jesuit he was associated with the scholarly XIII.— 48
.John Gilmary ."^hea
Father Martin, S.J., Rector of St. Mary's College,
Montreal, under whose inspiration was developed his
natural taste for literary and historical studies.
In 1852 he left the Society, and presently began a
systematic study of the early Indian missions in
America. The re-
sults of his re-
searches soon ap-
peared in the pages
of the "United
States Catholic;
Magazine", pub-
lished in Baltimore.
Shea's first note-
worthy publication
was the "Discov-
ery and Explora-
tion of the Mis-
sissippi Valley with
the original narra-
tives of Marquette,
Allouez, Membre,
Hennepin, and
Anastase Douay"
(1852). The "West-
minster Review"
described it as "a
most valuable and interesting volume" (July, 1853), and the London "Athenaeum" (1853, p. 132) also spoke highly of it. In 1854 he published the "History of the Catholic Missions among the Indian Tribes of the United States, 1529-1854", a work of much labour and research. In the "Cra- moi.sy Series" of twenty-six small volumes, he in- itiated in 1857 the republication of rare and valu- able pamphlets touching upon the voyages of early explorers to America. In 1859 followed "A Biblio- graphical Account of Catholic Bibles, Testaments and Other Portions of Scripture", translated and pub- li.shed in the United States; he also edited an edition of Challoner's Bible. In 1860 appeared the first issue of his "Library of American Linguistics", a series of fifteen volumes of grammars and dictionaries of Indian languages. Besides "The Life of Pius IX" (1877), "The Catholic Churches of New York City" (1878), "The Hierarchy of the Cathohc Church in the United States" (1886), Shea compiled many school histories and text-books; he also published numerous translations and adaptations, and contributed histor- ical articles to Justin Winsor's "History of America", the "Catholic World", and the "U. S. Catholic Historical Magazine", of which he was the founder and first editor. He also edited for a number of years Sadlier's "Cathohc Directory and Almanac". The articles on the Indians in the "Encyclopedia Britan- nica" and the "American Encyclopedia" are all from his pen, and he was looked upon as the best informed man in America on everything pertaining to the aborigines. The notes, biographical sketches, and bibliographical accounts of works upon aboriginal history scattered throughout his various publications will be very serviceable for future historians. The preparation of the "History of the Catholic Church in the United States" (4 vols., 1886-92) extended over many years and entailed immense labour. He was practically a pioneer in this field, as the very sources of information had to be unearthed. This work will stand as a monument to his untiring industry. Most of his time was meanwhile claimed by his position as literary editor of Frank Leslie's secular publications. In 1888 he became editor of the "Catholic News", in which position he continued up to the time of his death. St. Francis Xavier's College, Fordham University, and Georgetown conferred on him the degree of LL.D. in recognition of his work as a Catholic historian, and the University of Notre- Dame awarded him the first Lcstare Medal (1883).
