SPALDING
208
SPALDING
book of St. Augustine's " De Civitate Dei " ; an epistle
from Gelasius I is addressed to Honorius; Honorius
III conducted a synod in 530; Natalis at a Council
in 590, unjustly deposed his archdeacon Honoratus,
but Gregory the Great took the latter's part. In 639
Salona was destroyed by the Slavs. In 647 the city of
Spalato began to arise from the ruin of Salona, and
after an interregnum of eleven years its archbishops
took over the territory of the archbishops of Salona.
Out of the long series of its seventy-nine archbishops
may be mentioned St. Rayner (d. 1180), and the unfor-
tunate Marcus Antonius de Dominis, who was deprived
of his office after having filled it for fourteen years and
died an apostate at Rome in 1624; Thomas, who re-
signed his office voluntarily (thirteenth century), is
the author of a his-
tory of the bishops of
Salona and Spalato.
The Gregorian re-
form decrees were
discussed at synods
in Dalmatia as early
as 1075 and executed
in nil by ■Vuh
bishop Ascentiu--
At the great pro\ni
cial synod in i^t
Andrew's Church ni
11S5, Archbishop
Petrus VII excom-
municated the here-
tics and all who h id
taken possession of
church propert^ He
also prescribed the
daily chanting of the
Office of theBlesstd
Virgin. Inthe Coun-
cil of 1292, John VII,
Primateof Dalmatia,
threatened to punish
all bishops who inter-
fered -n-ith other dio-
ceses. Withthedeath
The Piazza del Dfomo, .Spalato
The Great Court of the Palace of Diocletian, built a. d. 300. The Ai-
cade sho^v's the earliest ascertained example of arches springing directly from
column without entablature
(1850). The diocese, which then numbered over
30,000 Catholics, was well provided with schools for
girls, but there were comparatively few schools for
boys. To supply this need and to recruit the clergy,
Bishop Spalding, shortly after the dedication of the
cathedral in 1852, went to Europe and secured the
services of the Xaverian Brothers who came to Louis-
ville in 1854. During his visit to Belgium, the bishop
conceived the idea of founding the American College
at Louvain which, mainly through his efforts, was
opened in 1857. Much of his time was devoted to
lectures and controversial writings in defence of the
Church, especially against the Know-Nothing move-
ment and the common school system from which re-
ligious instruction was excluded. He had already
published "Evi-
dences of Catholic- ity", a series of lec- tures dehvered in 1844-5, and the " Life, 'Times and Character of Bene- dict Joseph Flaget" (LouisviUe, 1852); these were followed by his "Miscel- lanea" (1853) and his "History of the Protestant Reforma- tion" (1860) in which he enlairged his "Review of D'Au- bigne's 'History of the Reformation'", published in 1840. He also lectured at the Smithsonian In- stitute, Washington, and in Baltimore, New York, Brook- lyn, and other cities. In 1864, on the death of Archbishop Kenriek, Bishop the See of Balti-
of Archbishop La'lius Cippico (1807) began another Spalding succeeded him
interregnum which lasted twenty-three years. The more. Here he organized the St. Vincent de Paul
Church in Dalmatia was then reorganized, Macarsca Society, founded the House of the Good Shepherd
united with Spalato, and the latter as a simple bish-
opric made subject to Zara. Paul Miossich was ap-
pointed first bishop of the new diocese in 1830.
The See of Spalato-Macarsca numbers 199,800 Catholics; 231 secular priests; 91 male religious in 15 stations; and 125 nuns in 9 stations.
Farlati, lUirricum sacrum. I-III (Venice, 1751); Theiner. Mom,m. Slav, merid.. 4. 13, 15. 72, 113, 115, 161, 224 sq., 354, 358. 377.419. 442.495. 546-48, 63S sq., 651; Monum. Hungaria. I. 496, 521, 762; II, 374; Gams, Scries Epp., 419-21.
COLESTIN WOLFSGRUBER.
Spalding, M.vrtin John, seventh .\rchbishop of Baltimore, b. Bardstown, Kentucky, 23 May, 1810; d., at Baltimore, 7 Feb., 1872. His forbears came from England and settled in Maryland about the middU; of the seventeenth century; his grandfather removed to Kentucky in 1790. Martin Sp.alding entered St. Mary's College, Lebanon, Kentucky, in 1S21, taught mathematics there at the age of fourteen, was gradu- ated in 1826, and studied philosophy and theology during four years in the seminary at Bardstown. In 1830 he entered the Pro[)aganda, Rome, where after a brilliant course he was ord;iined lii .\ug., 1834, and received the doctorate in theology at the close of a public defence of 256 Iheses. Upon his return to Bardstown, he became pastor of the cathedral and editor of the "C;itholic Advocate", founded in 1835. After the transfer of the see to Louisville, he was ap- pointed vicar-general (1844), co;idjutor cum jure to Bishop Flaget (1848), and Bishop of Louisville
and St. Mary's Industrial School, and completed the
cathedral. In October, 1866, the Second Plenary
Council assembled at Baltimore; Archbishop Spald-
ing arranged the details and presided o\'er the delib-
erations. He had previously suggested the idea of a
Catholic university, and it was chiefly due to his
efforts that the project was endorsed by the council.
In 1867 he again visited Rome and took part in the
celebration of the centenary of St. Peter's martyrdom.
As the American College in Rome was in need of
funds. Archbishop Spalding issued an appeal, which
resulted in placing the college on a sound financial
basis. His labours in behalf of religion and the
spreading of Catholic truth were incessant. In
1868 he consecrated Bishop Becker for the See of Wil-
mington and Bishop Gibbons for the Vicariate Apos-
tolic of North Carolina. Within one year (1868-9)
he administered confirmation a hundred times, one
eighth of the recipients being converts. He wel-
comed the Little Sisters of the Poor to Baltimore
(1869), invited Father Herbert Vaughan to evangelize
the negroes (1871), and aided Father Hocker in estab-
hshing the Catholic Publiciition Society of New York.
At the Vatican Council he was a member of the Com-
mission on Faith and of the Commission on "Postu-
lata" which had to examine all the matters proposed
for deliber.ation before they were presented to the
council. He was a strong supporter of the doctrine
of p.apal infallibility and he drew up a poslulalum in
which he favoured a definition by implication in pref-
