STATISTICS
276
STATISTICS
of the numbers of the population and its distribution of millions of inhabitants. Buddhism, Confucianism,
with regard to religious denominations are of little and ancestor-worship cannot be sharply separated
use for statistical investigations. Detailed reUgious from one another; they are at times professed and
statistics, dealing distinctly with all countries of the practised by the same individual. It must be borne
earth, were for the first time presented by Fournier de in mind, too, that the population of China has hitherto
Flaix to the second congress of the International In- been difficult to estimate preciselj' — as much so, in-
stitute of Statistics, held in Paris, in 1889. His deed, as that of the interior of Africa. Regarding the
example was followed by F. Von Juraschek (1898), H. three rehgions of Eastern Asia, as well as the Fetish-
Zeller, and H. A. Krose, S.J. (1903). The figures ism of Africa, the statistical data necessarj- for a re-
given by Fournier de Flaix mostly correspond to the liable calculation are wanting even now, and therefore
Make Brim
1810
Graberg
1813
C. G. Stein
1819
Pinkerton
1827
Baibi
1844
228.000,000
5,000,000
110,000,000
60,000,000
150,000,000
100,000,000
236,000,000
5.000,000
120,000,000
60,000,000 )
150,000,000 V
115,000,000*
228,000,000
6,600,000
120.000,000
353.400,000 .|
235.000.000
5,000,000
120,000,000
60.000,000
180,000,000
100.000,000
260,000,000
4,000.000
96.000,000
Brahmins
60,000,000
170,000,000
147,000,000
Total
653,000,000
686.000,000
708.000,000
700.000,000
737,000,000
conditions at the beginning or the middle of the eigh-
ties; those of Juraschek to the period 1890-97. Zeller
has in essentials taken over the statements of Jura-
schek and made them the basis of his own investiga-
tions; he has, however, completed and arranged them
more clearly (in Warneck's "AUgemeine Missions-
zeitschrift, " 1903), and has added exact references
for the various items. The numbers as given by
Krose belong to the last decade of the nineteenth cen-
tur>' and only in a few cases to 1901. The total re-
sults of these four accounts are shown in Table II.
fluctuations of the estimates are easilj' understood.
Again, Juraschek-Zeller did not make special cate-
gories for Taoism in Japan and ancient cults in India,
but added them to the great collective groups just
mentioned; and the individuals having no religious
denomination seem to have been allotted by Juraschek
to other groups on certain principles. Juraschek de-
cidedly underestimated the number of Mohamme-
dans: recent investigations have proved that Mo-
hammedanism is far more widely extended in Africa
than was believed. Otherwise the statistical accounts
Fournier de Flaix
Juraschek and Zeller
Krose
230,866,533
143,237,625
98,016,000
4,960,000
254,500,000
165,830,000
106,480,000
8,130,000
264,505,922
166,627,109
109,147,272
8,728,284
477,080,158
7,056,000
176,834,372
190,000.000
147,900,600 256,000,000 14,000.000 43.000,000 117,681,669
534,940,000
10,860,000
175,290,000
214,570,000
126,750,600
300,630,000
14,000,000
173.300,600 170,000
549,017,341
11.036,607
202,048,240
210.100,000
12,113,756
120,250,000
235,000,000
17,000.000
32.000.000
144,700,000
2,844,482
Total .
1,429,552,199
1,544,510.000
1,536,110,426
The differences between the first and the last two ac-
counts seem to be considerable. But we must keep
in mind that Foumier's figures refer to a time about
ten years previous to that of Juraschek-Zeller; and
that the distance in time from Krosc's record is even
greater. Within a period like this an incrca,se of from
10 to 15 per cent is by no means extraordinarj'.
Hence, so far as regards the Christians, the statciuents
may easily be made to agree. (The Ilaskoliiiks have
apparently been counted with the "Greek Orthodox"
by Fournier and with "Other Christians" by Jura-
schek-Zeller.) Neither is the disagreement regarding
the Mohammedans and the Brahmins remarkable.
The number of the Jews, however, has evidently been
underrated by Fournier, and that of the Buddhists
overestimated. The latter m.ay easily be accounted
for, as in the great Chinese Empire, with its hundreds
of Juraschek-Zeller and Krose show a far-reaching
agreement, considering the different jjeriods of their
estimates. Their calculations having been carried
out in complete independence of each otiier, this har-
mony no doubt cimfinns the reliability of the results.
III. Present .Statis of KEEiciors Bodies. — The
tables of Jur:ischek-Zeller and Knise gi\-en in section
II correspond on the whole to the last decade of the
nineteenth century. At present, therefore, the first
decade of the tweiUieth centurj- being oyer, their ac-
counts need complementing and revising. This is
especially necessarj- with the various Christian de-
nominations considering their steady and \-igorous in-
crease, while the estimates made ten years ago of the
Asiatic and .\fricaii religions may even now be to a
large extent accejiteil in the absence of more exact
computation. The great difficulties of religious sta^
