STONNES
809
STONYHDRST
ifterwards the hands of the rest of the people".
Deut., xvii, 5-7). Stoning is also mentioned in Acts,
'ii 57-.5S, as the means by which Stephen the first
christian martyr was put to death: "And casting him
orth without the city, they stoned him."
James F. Driscoll.
Stonnes, James, EngUsh priest, b. 1513; d. after 585. He was ordained at Durham by Bishop Tun- tall in 1539. After Elizabeth'.s accession he never ntered a church, but wandered about Durham and I'orkshire, with occasional visits to Lancashire, where le wa.s known as Uncle James, sajing Mass as often s the opportunity of time, place, and company gave save. He was eventually arrested by the Earl of Jerby about midnight 19 Nov., 1585, at the house of . verj' poor man, a victualler, and an under-tenant, iving eight miles from the earl's seat, Newpark, in the 'arish of Ormskirk, Lancashire. As he would not ommit himself to the royal supremacy, though he cknowledged the queen as temporal sovereign, and rished she might have Nestor's years, and as he con- essed that he regarded her ecclesiastical policy as ontrary to God's law and refused to give up saying .lass, he was committed to the New fleet, Manches- er, where, as he was then aged 72, it is probable he lied. At the time of his arrest he had with him, an lb, a surplice or amice, a thread girdle, a vestment, , stole, a fannel, "a Corpus and a Corpus Case", a uper-altar, a tin chalice with a cover, three little pew- er boxes in a leather case for oil and chrism, acrewet, wo little pe^s'ter bottles for wine, three crucifixes, an Lgnus Dei, "a porthouse with the pope's name in the ^allender in many places", a piece of an old primer 1 parchment, a piece of an old book of sermons, and ,n old Mass-book.
GiB30N. Lydiate Hall and its Associations (privately printed,
- dinburgh and London, 1876), 231-3.
John B. Wainewright.
Stonyhurst Colleg:e. — The history of Stonyhurst ,s a school dates back to a period considerably prior o its foundation on Engli-sh soil in 1794. Stonyhurst 3 the lineal descendant of the college founded by •"ather Robert Persons in 1592, at St. Omer in Artois, or English boys, compelled by the penal laws of Elizabethan times to seek on the continent that reli-
- ious education which was denied them at home,
driven from St. Omer in 1762 by the ho.stility of the ^arlemcnt of Paris, the college was transferred to Bruges, where it remained un<ler the protection of the •impress Maria Theresa till dispersed by the sup- )ression of the Society in 1773. Within the same year, lowever, the staff and students had reassembled and lontinued their collegiate life at Liege under the jatronage of the prince bishop of that city. The ipproach of the French revolutionary armies in 1794 igain compelled the college to seek a new home, and -his time it found one in its native land at the mansion )f Stonyhurst Hall in Lanc;ishire, which had been )laced at the disposal of the community by Mr. rhomas Weld of Lulworth, heir of the Shireburns )f Stonyhurst and himself a past student of the college it Bruges. By a strange coincidence Stonyhurst ^all had been rebuilt by Sir Hichard Shireburn in 1592, the very year of the foundation of St. Omer; 10 that the schohistic life of the college, which has now jecn established at Stonyhurst for 117 years, but •caches back more than 200 years before that final lettlcment, is coeval with that of its present domicile.
The character of the education given at Stonyhurst las, needless to .say, varie<l with the requirements of
- he time. The predominant position occupied by
- lassical educational ideals in the earlier half of the
lineteenth century — a predominance so congenial to the Ratio Stud jorum of the Jesuits — has gradually been modified to meet the development of the study ii modern languages and of science, and the demands
of public examinations. Hence the curriculum of
Stonyhurst at the present day differs in no essential
particular from that of the leading public schools in
England. It includes classical literature and the chief
European languages, history, geography, mathe-
matics, physics, chemistry, astronomy, philosophy,
and law. At the Stonyhurst training college more
advanced courses in these subjects are followed by
students of the Society, who are engaged in such addi-
tional subjects as pedagogy, biology, anthropology,
etc. The "Philosophers", numbering usually about
thirtj', possess the status of university students.
They have private rooms and sundry privileges, and
are quite separate from the rest of the school, though
they may join the "Higher Line" in games. Their
studies include courses of philosophy, law, and polit-
ical economy, in addition to the usual literary and
science classes. The rector of Stonyhurst is one of a
hmited number of headmasters to whom the War
Office has granted the power of giving direct nomina-
tions to the Royal Military College, Sandhurst. "This
privilege is reserved for those schools where the
officers' training corps — of which Stonyhurst has three
full companies — attains a certain standard of strength.
The college has also been inspected and approved by
the Royal College of Physicians (London) and the
Royal College of Surgeons (England) as a school for
preparing candidates for medical diplomas and exempt-
ing them from part of their professional course.
The influence exerted in the course of its history on Church, State, science and art, by a college which has for so long held a prominent place in the education of English Catholics, may best be gauged by the num- ber of distinguished alumni who have risen to emi- nence in these dei)artrnents. Among the early sons of Stonyhurst, when the establishment was still at St. Omers, are eighteen martyrs now bearing the title of Venerable — fourteen Jesuits, three Franciscans, and one secular priest — besides three who died in prison for the Faith. Father Emmanuel Lobb, who received into the Church the Duke of York, afterwards James II, and Father Edward Petre, the confessor of the same king, were St. Omer men. The unspeakable Titus Oates also spent some time there as a kind of "parlour-boarder", and contemporary letters make it clear that he was inten.sely unpopular with the boys. The peculiar dress worn at that date by the boys of St. Omers is referred to by Massinger in his play "The Fatal Dowry". Conspicuous among the St. Omer men of a later date are the first two arch- bishops of Baltimore, John Carroll and Leonard Neale. In more modern times Stonyhurst coimts among its pupils Cardinal Weld, Bi.shop Riddell (Vicar Apostolic of the Northern District), Cardinal Vaughan, Bishop William Vaughan of Plymouth, Bishop Clifford of Clifton, Archbishop Porter of Bombay, Archbishojj Gillow of Pucbla (Mexico), and Archbi.shop M.aguire of Glasgow. Among distinguished laymen who re- ceived their education here may be mentioned Charles Waterton, the famous naturalist (the " W" of Thack- eray's "Newcomes"); Richard Lalor Shell, the great parliamentary orator; Sir Thomas Wyse, a well- known and successful diplomat of the last century; Chief Baron Woulfe of the Irish Court of Exchequer, the first Catholic to be elevated to the Irish Bench, and Judge Nicholas Ball, the second Catholic to enjoy that dignity; the Hon. Charles Langdale, one of the foremost Catholic leaders of Emancipation days; Dr. George Oliver, the antiquary and Church annal- ist; Sir Frederick Weld, successively Premier of New Zealand, Governor of Tasmania, and Governor of the Straits Settlements, in which last-named colony another Stonyhur.st man. Sir Thomas Sidgreaves, was Chief Justice; Sir William Hackett, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, Ceylon; the Rt. Hon. Sir Nich- olas O Conor, British Ambas.sador at St. Petersburg and at Constantinople; General Sir Montague Gerard,
