SULLIVAN
329
SULPICIANS
Kaiserwerdt is to be distinguished from a holy abbot,
Suitbert, who lived in a monastery near the River
Dacore, Cumberland, England, about forty years
later, and is mentioned by Venerable Bede.
BouTERwEK, Swidbert^ der Apostet des hcrgischen Landea (Eberfeld. 1859): Hoof in Anal, batlaniliarm. VI (1S87). 73-6: ScEius, Fite sanctorum, III (1618), 3-16; Bede, Hist, eccl., V, jd: .-Ic/a SS., 1 March, 67-So; Butler, Lives of the Saints.
A. A. MacErlean.
Sullivan, Alexander Martin, Irish politician, lawyer, and journalist, b. at Bantry in 1830; d. at Darty Lodge, Rathmines, Dublin, 17 Oct., 1884. He received his early education in his native town. Drifting into journalism in 1850, he became assistant- editor of the " Nation" in 185.^, and was subsequently editor and proprietor. In IStU he married Frances, daughter of John Donovan of New Orleans. From 1861 to 1SS4, in conjunction with his elder brother, T. D. Sulhvan (still living), he made the "Nation" one of the most potent factors in the cause of true nationality, and also issue<l the "Weekly News" and "Zozimus". In 187-t he was elected M. P. for Louth, and was afterwards M. P. for Meath. Called to the Irish Bar in 1876, he was made Q. C. in ISSl. As a member of the Dublin Coqjoration he secured a magnificent site for the Grattan Monument, towards which he generously gave £400, the amount of a sub- scription by his atliiiirer.s while he was undergoing im- prisonment for a political offence in 1868. This monument was formally unveiled, Januarj', 1876. Between the years 1878 and 1882 he was engaged in many notable trials. His last great c:ise was on 30 November, 1SS3, when he was the colleague of Lord Russell of Killowen in the defence of Patrick O'Donnell for the murder of James Carey, the Irish Informer. lie was buried at Glasnevin. In addi- tion to his labours Alexander Sullivan w;us a great temperance refonner. He also wrote two notable books, the "Story of Ireland" and "New Ireland", and contributed many sketches (including some verse) to "Irish Pennj' Readings" (1879-85).
MacDonagh in Diet. \at. Biog., s. v.; private correspondence; family papers.
W. H. Grattan-Flood.
Sullivan, Peter John, soldier, lawyer, b. at Cork, Ireland, 15 March, 1821; d. at Cincinnati, Ohio, 2 March, 1883. His parents brought him to Phila- delphia when he was two years old, and he received his education at the University of Pennsj-lvania. He served in the Mexican War, receiving the commis- sion of major for meritorious services. After re- tiring to civil life he became one of the official stenog- raphers of the U. S. Senate and in 1848 went to live in Cincinnati, where he was admitted to the Bar. He was ijrominent there as an opponent of the Know- nothing movement. During the Civil War he took a very active part in organizing several volunteer regiments and went to the scene of action as colonel of the 48th Ohio regiment. On 13 March, 1805, he was brevetted Brigader-General of Volunteers. Soon after he was appointed U. S. Minister to Colombia and held that office until 1869. He then returned to the practice of the law.
Catholic Telegraph (Cincinnati) files; Appleton's Cyclop, of Am. Biog. a. v.
Thomas F. Meehan.
Sully, Maurice de. Bishop of Paris, b. of humble parents at Sully-sur-Loirc (Soliacum), near Orleans, at the beginning of the twelfth century; d. at Paris, 11 Sejjt., IKMi. He came to P;iris towards 1140 and studied for the ecclesiastical st.ate. He soon became known as an able profes.sor of theologv' and an elo- quent preacher. It has been frequently asserteil, but without sufficient pr(K)f, that he was canon of Bour- ges. In 1159 he appears a.s .\rchdeacon of Paris and on 12 Oct., 1160, largely through the influence of Louis VII, he was elected to succeed Peter Lombard
in the episcopal see of that city. The present Cathe-
dral of Notre-Dame stands as a monument to his
episcopal administration. Its construction was be-
gun and almost entirely completed under htm.
Alexander III, in 1163, laid the cornerstone of the
magnificent edifice, and in 1185 the Patriarch of
Jerusalem, Heraclius, officiated in the completed sanc-
tuarj-. Maurice de Sully also rebuilt the episcopal
palace in which the nobility and clergj' met in 1179
at the coronation of Philip Augustus as joint ruler
with his father Louis W\. He enjoyed in a high
degree the confidence of both rulers, accompanied
Louis to his meeting with Freilerick Barbarossa at
Saint-Jean-de-Losne in 1162, and was one of the
guardians of the royal treasury during the crusade
(1190).
In the controversy between St. Thomas Becket and King Henry- II he energetically defended the former and, in three letters still extant, pleaded his cause with .\lexander III. He forbade the celebra- tion of the feast of the Immaculate Conception in hia diocese, but is said to have strongly supported by appeals to Holy Writ (.lob, xix, 25-27) the doctrine of the resurrection of bodies, against some sceptical noblemen. Although he retained the administration of his diocese, he retired, late in life, to the monas- tery of Saint-Victor, where he died. Maurice de Sully is the author of a treatise on the Canon of the Mass, preserved in manuscrijjt at Bourges. Numerous ser- mons, some in Latin, others in vernacular, are also attributed to him. Those written in the Latin tongue were not directly destined for the people, but rather for the use and study of the clergj'. The French sennons do not seem to be in their present form the original work of Maurice do Sully; they are more commonly considered as rei)roductions made by ec- clesiastics from his Latin collection. No critical edi- tion of these sermons has yet been published; his three letters to Alexander III are printed in P. L., CC, 1419-22, as are also some of his official documents (CCV, 897-914).
Batjnard. Maurice de Sulhj (Orleans. 1862); Mortet, Maurice de Sully, kique de Paris, 1160-06 (Paris, 1890); Meter, Les manuscrita des sermons fran^ais de Maurice de Sully in Romania, XXIII (1894); HiATT, Notre-Dame de Paris (London, 1902).
N. A. Weber.
Sulmona.' See Valva and Sulmona, Diocese of.
Sulpicians in the United States. — The Sulpi- cians came to the United States at the very rise of the American Hierarchy. When the French Revolu- tion was threatening to involve them in the impend- ing ruin of the Church the superior-general, Father Emery, looking for a ijlace of refuge abroad, was meditating an establishment at Gallipolis, a French settlement on the Ohio; but the papal nuncio at Paris, Cardinal Dugnani, made the h;ippier sugges- tion of Baltimore, which had just been erected into the first American see. An interview in London between Bishop Carroll, who had come to Englan<l (1790) for episcopal consecration, and Father Nagot resulted in the bishop gladly accepting the offer of Father Emery to found a theological seminary at Baltimore. On 10 July, 1791, four Sulpicians landed at Baltimore: Francis Ch;ules Nagot, Superior, Anthony Gamier, Michael Levadoux, and John Tessier. They purchased the One Mile Tavern on the edge of the city, dedicated the house to the Blessed Virgin, and in October opened classes with five students whom they had brought from France. This was the beginning of St. Mary's, the first Ameri- can seminary, which still stands on the same .spot. The number of .Sulpici;ins was augmented the follow- ing year by the ;irrival <jf Flaget, David, Chicoisneau, Marechal, Richard, and Ciquwd, and in 1795 by the accession of Dubourg, nearly all of whom were des- tined to become imi)ortant figures in the history of the American Church. These ten or eleven new
