SZE-CH'WAN
420
SZE-CH'WAN
are: 1 titular abbey, 2 titular provostships, and 15
monasteries with 703 members. The chapter con-
sists of 6 members and 6 titular canons. Roman
Catholics number 149,807: and Greek Catholics,
625,627.
A Katolikus Magyarorszdg, Catholic Hungary (Budapest, 1901); ScAemod'smas (1864, 1910).
A. AldXst.
Sze-ch'wan, Eastern, Vicariate Apoistolic of. — The mission of Eastern Sze-ch'wan was separated from North-western Sze-ch'wan and erected in a vicariate Apostolic in 1856. Its first name was South-eastern Sze-ch'wan. There were nine European and ten native priests. The Right Rev. Mgr Desfleches (1844-87), titular Bishop of Sinita, was elected first vicar Apos- tolic. Missionaries and Christians had at first to undergo many persecutions. At last after the Franco- Chinese war, in 1860, they obtained entire freedom to preach the Christian doctrine. In 1860 the mis- sion was divided in two vicariates ApostoUc: East- ern and Southern Sze-ch'wan. The missionaries got from Chinese officials a piece of ground in the city of Ch'ung-k'ing, as compensation for the losses un- dergone by the mission. New persecutions broke out. At Yu-yang Father Eyraud was put in jail, Fathers Mabileau and Rigaud were mur- dered. At Kien-Kiang Fathers Hue and Tay were killed in 1873. On 8 March, 1876, the settlements of the Christians were pillaged at Kiang-pe. Father Coupat was elected coadjutor in 1882, and in 1883 suc- ceeded Bishop Desfleches, appointed Archbishop of Mandianopolis. In 1886 the buildings of the mission at Ch'ung-k'ing were pillaged and destroyed. The bishop and missionaries had to retire into the Chinese tribunal. In 1891 the Right Rev. Mgr Chouvellon, titular Bishop of Dansara, succeeded Bishop Coupat. In 1898 Father Fleury was captured by Yu-man-tse and kept as prisoner for several months. The mission is confided to the Society of the Foreign Missions of Paris. The present vicar Apostohc is the Right Rev. Celestin-Felix-Joseph Chouvellon, consecrated titular Bishop of Dansara in 1891. He resides at Ch'ung- k'ing. In 1889 the mission numbered: 1 bishop, 32 missionaries, 33 native priests, 2 seminaries with 74 students, 151 schools with 1963 pupils, 105 churches or chapels, 31,539 Cathohcs. In 1910, there were: 1 bishop, 51 missionaries, 46 native priests, 3 semina- ries with 130 students, 341 schools with 5365 pupils, 175 churches or chapels, 3 orphanages with 327 or- phans, 40,587 Catholics.
Lactnat, Atlas de la societe des missions-etrangkres (1890).
V. H. MONTANAR.
Sze-ch'wan, North-western, Vicariate Apos- tohc OF. — The mission of North-western Sze-ch'wan includes the territories known as Ch'wan-si and Ch'- Wan-pe, the cities of Kiong-chu, Ta-y-hien, the Princi- pahty of Mu-pin, and a part of the civil prefecture of Tsechu. There are 25,000,000 inhabitants, 23,500,000 are Chinese and 1,500,000 arc Barbarian Man-tse. On 17 August, 1658, the Holy .Si'c entrusted the mission of Sze-ch'wan to Bishop Pallu, of the Society of the For- eign Missions of Paris, Vicar Apostolic of Tong-king. But neither Bishop Pallu nor his successor. Bishop de Lyonne (1699-1713) who was the first Vicar Apos- tolic of Sze-ch'wan, could get into the ]irovinoe. Itf 1707 Fathers de la Balluere and Basset, of the Society of the Foreign Missions of Paris, and leathers MuUener and Appiani, priests of the Congregation of St. Vin- cent de Paul, got into S/.c-ch'wan where they found Rome Christians who had einignttcd from other jirov- inccs. I'^athcr de la Halhlere, elected vicar Apostolic in 1713. died in 1715 before lieing consecrated bishoi). Father .Mullener was consecrated titular Bishop of Myriopolis in 1717. Bishop Kiijobert de Martillat Bucceeded him. He established the Institute of the Christian Virgins. The following four mis,sionarieH
were elected as vicars .'Vjiostolic, hut were not conse-
crated bishops: Falli'is l,:;r o re, Maigrot (1752), de
Raymond (1756), Knli.i-,,' (1756). It is onlv from
the year 1765 and tin' consrciation of Bishop Pottier
(1769-92) that really dates the existence of this mis-
sion. It numbered then about 4000 Christians, in-
cluding those of Yun-nan and Kwei-chou. Fathers
Delpont and Devaux died in the jails of Pekin; Bishop
de Saint-Martin (1784-1801), coadjutor and successor
to Bishop Pottier, was banished with Father Du-
fresse. 40,000 pagans were christened. Bishop Du-
fresse (1801-15) succeeded Bishop de Saint-Martin,
with Bishop Frenchant as coadjutor (1802-06). The
Synod of Sze-ch'wan took place and completed the
organization of the mission. On 14 September, 1815,
Blessed Gabriel Taurin-Dufresse, titular Bishop of
Tabraca, was sentenced to death and executed. He
was beatified in 1900. At the death of the bishop,
Sze-ch'wan had only two missionaries, and the Chris-
tians were everyTvliere persecuted. 'This awful per-
secution came to an end only in 1840, two years after
the death of Bishop Fontana (1820-38), whom Bishop
Perocheau (1838-61) succeeded. In 1,840 Yun-nan
was separated from Sze-ch'wan; Kwei-chou was sep-
arated in 1846, South-eastern Sze-ch'wan in 1856, and
Southern Sze-ch'wan in 1861. Bishop Pinchon, co-
adjutor in 1858, succeeded Bishop Perocheau in 1861.
In 1864 the seminary of Mu-pin was burned and
many Christians killed. On 28 May, 1895, the build-
ings of the Protestants at Chen-tu were destroyed and
the following day the Catholic settlements had a simi-
lar fate. The mission of North-western Sze-ch'wan is
entrusted to the Society of the Foreign Missions of
Paris. The present vicar Apostolic is the Right Rev.
Marie-Julien Dunand, consecrated in 1893 titular
Bishop of Caloe. He resides at Chen-tu. In 1890
the mission numbered: 1 bishop, 27 missionaries, 39
native priests, 2 seminaries with 87 students, 413
schools with 3023 pupils, 43 churches or chapels,
38,800 Catholics. In 1910 there were: 1 bishop, 39
missionaries, 49 native priests, 2 seminaries with 110
seminarians, 340 schools with 5322 pupils, 5 orphan-
ages with 962 orphans, 105 churches or chapels,
45,000 Cathohcs.
Launat, Atlas des missions de la sociiti des missions-itranghres (1890).
V. H. Montanar.
Sze-ch'wan, Southern, Vicariate Apostolic OF. — On 24 January, 1860, the mission of South- ern Sze-ch'wan was separated from Eastern Sze- ch'wan and erected into a vicariate Apostolic by a Decree of Pius IX. The Right Rev. Mgr Pichon, titular Bishop of Helenopolis, was the first vicar Apos- tolic. The mission numbered 12,000 Cathohcs and the bishop there was the only European missionary with three native priests and four chapels. Bishop Desfleches gave him one missionary, Father Larcher, and one Chinese priest. In 1862 Bishop Pichon es- tablished a seminary at Ho-ti-keou. In 1871 he died in France, and Bishop Lepley succeeded him. Bishop Chatagnon succeeded Bishop Lepley in 1887. On 28 May, 1895, the buildings of the Protestants ar Chen-tu were destroyed. The following day the set- tlements of Bishop Dunand were also ruined. About half of the Catholic settlements in the Southern Sze-ch'wan missions were destroyed. Bishop Chata- gnon escaped into the tribunal of Mei-chou. In July, 1898, a new persecution broke out. In 1900 thr mission did not suffer much from the Boxers. In 1902 there was an awful persecution. Many Chris- tians were killed. From 1895 till 1904 there were about thirty Christians murdered on account of their Faith. The mission is entrusted to the Society of tin Foreign Missons of Paris. The present vicar Apos- tolic is Right Rev. Marc Chatagnon, titular Bisho| of Chersonesus, who resides at Sui-fu, and has as hi-
