TANAGRA
442
TANEY
Richard, then Bishop of Belley, pilgrimages were
started to sanctuaries where Eucharistic miracles had
taken place. Their success led to Eucharistic con-
gresses. At the Lourdes Congress she was called
the Jeanne d'Arc of the Blessed Sacrament, but her
name was not publicly associated with the con-
gresses untU after her death. Canon Vaudon's his-
tory of the congresses published just before her death,
though giving a detailed account of her apostolic
career, calls her only "Mile . . . ". She lived for
some years at Issoudun and ministered there to the
Shrine of Our Lady of the Sacred Heart. All her
spare means, though often depriving herself, she
devoted to the education of poor aspirants to the
priesthood.
Mile Tamisicr in The Sentinel of the Blessed Sacrament (New York, July, 1911); Vaudon, L'CEuvre ties Congres Eucharistiques (Paris and Montreal. 1910); L' Ideal (Paris, 1910).
B. Randolph.
Tanagrra, atitularseeinHellas, suffraganof Corinth ; it was a town of Boeotia, in a fertile plain on the right bank of the jEsopus. It was also called Poemandria and its territory Poemandris. In 457 b. c. the Athenians were defeated near Tanagra by the Lace- dsemonians, but early in the following year they in turn defeated the Bceotians, thereby becoming masters of Boeotia. The city walls were destroyed. In 426 the Athenians invaded the territory of Tanagra and defeated the Tanagrians and Boeo- tians. The people of Tanagra were noted for their frugality, loyalty, and hospitality. Their land yielded httle wheat, but the best wine in Boeotia, and the town was also noted for its fighting-cocks. Under Augustus Tanagra and Thespia; were the chief towns of Boeotia. It had numerous temples, one of Dionysius with a famous statue by Calanus and a remarkable Triton, other temples of The- mis, Aphrodite, ApoUo, Hermes Criophorus, and Hermes Promachus. The gymnasium contained a portrait of the poetess, Corinna, who was born at Tanagra and commem- orated there by a monu- ment. Phny calls Tan- agra a free state. It was still important in the sixth century, but must soon after have been de- stroyed by Slavic inva- sions. A station on the railway between Athens and Thebes is now called Tanagra; it connects with the village of Skimatari (6.50 inhabitants), about eight miles south of which are the ruins of the ancient town including the acropolis, necropolis etc. Excava- tions have made the tombs famous for the pretty little terra-cotta figurines which they contain. Duchesne has published ("Bulletin de correspondance hclk- nique". Ill, Paris, 1879, 144) a Christian inscription dating from the fifth or six-th century. Only one bishop is known, Hesychius, who in 458 signed the letter from the provincial synod to the Emperor Leo (Le Quien, "Oriens Christ.", II, 212); the other bishop mentioned by him belongs to another see. Smith, Did. of Greek and Roman Oeog., s. v.
S. P£tridI;8.
Tanagra Figurine
Tancred, Prince of Antioch, b. about 1072; d. at
Antioch, 12 Dec, 1112. He was the son of Marquess
Odo and Emma, probably the daughter of Robert
Guiscard. He took the Cross in 1096 with the Nor-
man lords of Southern Italy and joined the service of
his uncle Bohemund. Having disembarked at Ar-
lona (Epirus), they marched towards Constantinople,
and Tancred soon attracted attention by his activity,
bravery, and somewhat undisciphned zeal; according
to his biographer, Raoul de Caen, he was noted also
for his humanity and kindness towards the defence-
less. He brilhantly repulsed the Byzantine army
which attacked him as he was crossing the Vardar
(28 Feb., 1097), from which time Tancred became and
remained the bitter enemy of the Greeks. Unlike
Bohemund, he was the only one of all the leaders who
refused to take the oath of fidehty demanded by Alexis
Comnenus. He played an important part in the siege
of Nicsea, and later, during the difficult march through
Asia Minor, he led the way southwards and captured
Tarsus which Baldwin tried in vain to WTest from him
(Sept., 1097). While Baldwin advanced towards the
Euphiates, Tancred seized the towns of Cilicia. He
took an active part also in the siege of Antioch. In
the march on Jerusalem he commanded the vanguard,
and on 15 July, 1099, he entered the city, after
making a breach in the gate of St. Stephen. He
vainly endeavoured to save the lives of 300 Mus-
sulmans who had taken refuge in the Mosque of
Omar (Templum Domini). On the other hand he
looted the treasures amassed in that building and
distributed them among his knights. He received
from Godfrey de
Bouillon, who had
been selected over
him as king, the fiefs
of Tiberias and Caifa.
When Bohemund was
captured bv the Turks
in July, 1100, Tancred
assumed the govern-
ment of the Princi-
pality of Antioch, and
extended its bound-
aries at the expense
of the Turks and the
Greeks. During the
war between BoIk -
mund and Alexia
Comnenus (1104-OS),
Tancred defended
both the Principality
of Antioch and the
Countship ofEdessa;
he also strengthened the Christian power in those
di.striots, and refused to recognize the Treaty of
Durazzo by which Bohemund had ceded the suze-
rainty of Antioch to the emperor. A skilled politician,
he knew how to placate the Greeks and issued Greek
money on which he is represented adorned with gold
and jewels, wearing a turban surmounted by a cross.
Raoul De Caen. Gesta Tancredi (the author went to Palestine in 1107 and was attached to the army of Tancred) in Hist. Occid. des Croisades, III, 537-601; Schlumberger. Nurnisma' titiue de I'Orienl toin (Paris, 1878), 45; DeSaulcy, Tancride in BiUioth. Ecole des Charles (1843); O. de Sydow, Tank-red (Leip- zig. 1880); Rey, Hist, des princes d'Aniioche in Revue Orient Latin (1896). 334; Kuoler. Boemund u. Tankred (TQbingen, 1862); Chalandon, Essai sur le r(gne d' Alexis Comnhw (Paris. 1900); Stevenson, The Crusaders in the East (Cambridge. 1907).
Louis BrShier.
Taney, Roger Brooke (pronounced Tawney), fifth chief justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, b. in Calvert Count v. Mar^•land, 17 March, 1777; d. at Washington. 12 October, 1864. His father, Michael Taney, was a gentleman of Catholic ancestry and education, and his mother, Monica Brooke, was also a Catholic. He was educated at pri-
Tancred, Prince of An
From an old print
