TATTI
465
TAULER
of Problems" (Eus., "Hist. Eccl.", V, 13), dealing
with the diffieulties in the Scriptures, and one "On
I^Tfcction according to the Precepts of Our Saviour"
^Clem. Alex., "Strom.", Ill, 12, 81).
Test of Oriilio in Schwartz. Teste u. Vnlerfuchuiigen, IV (Leipzig. 1888), tr. in Ante-S'icene Fathers, II, 65-S,T; Pcech, RecheTdies sur te discours aux Grecs de Taiian suivies d'une traduc~ tion du discours, avec notes (Paris, 1903) ; Zahn. Tatian's Diates^ seron (1881); ClASCA, Taiiani Evangeliorum HarmonicB Arabice (Rome, 1888), tr. Hogg in Ante-Nicene Fathers, IX, 36-138; BoRKrtT, Evangetion da Mepharreshe (Cambridge, 1904).
Patrick J. Healy. Tatti, Jacopo. See Sansovino, Andrea Gon-
TUCCI .
Tatwin (Tatuini), Saint, Archbishop of Canter- bury; d. 30 July, 734. A Mercian by birth, he be- came a monk at Briudun in Worcestershire. The Venerable Bede describes him as " a man illustrious for religion and prudence and excellently instructed in the sacred letters" (Hist. Eccl., V, xxiii). He was elected to succeed Brihtwald as .\rchbishop of Cant erbury , and was consecrated there on 10 June, 731, afterwards re- ceiving the pallium from the pope. (Symoon Dunelm., "Hist. Reg.", II, 30). During his brief episcopate of three years he blessed Xothbald, the new Abbot of St. .\ugustine's Abbey, who had succeeded Tat- win's friend, Albinus, and he also consecrated bishops for Lindsej' and Selsey. After his death miracles were WTOUght through his intercession, an account of which was written by Goscelin. Certain rhymed (Bnigmata or riddles (published by Giles in " Anecdota Beda;", 1851) are ascribed to him, and he is said to have written .some poems in Anglo-Saxon which have perished.
Ven. Bede, Hist. Ecc, V. xxiii-xxiv: Wiluam of Malmesbcry, Gesta pontificum in R. S. (London. 1870); Chai.i.oner, Britannia Sancta (London, 174.5): Kemble. Codez diplomntiri- :■-: ,s%r -nnici (London. 1839-48); HADDANA.ND Stubbs, O.i/' 1' ' (is-
(JOTlDocumen/^ (Oxford, 1869-78); Hook, ill. 1 ',;>,;
o/CnniCTfcurl/ (London, 1860); Hardy, Df-sfTij"' ' ^ l."Q-
don, 1862); Stobbs in Did. Chrislinn Rm..; , II; , ,i, Ijt.i. Xat. Biog.; Ebert, Ueber die RAthselpoesf ■'■ ' \ ■ i ' • n, insbesun~ dere die JEnigmala des Tatwine u. En < j:i /.- - >^ichs, Ges.
Wissensch. (Beriin, 1877); Hahn, Di, .'. . • , .. Taiwin u. Eusebius in Forsch. deutsch, Gesch. (Bcrliu, 1n.s7; . .-^larle, .Anpio- Saxon Bishops, Kings and Nobles (Cambridge, lS99j.
Edwin BimTON.
Taubate, Diocese of (de Taubat6), in Brazil, South America, established on 29 April, 1908, as a BUfTragan of Sao Paulo. The present incumbent and first bishop, the Right Rev. Epaminondas Xuiies de Avila e !>ilva (b. 4 July, 1869; consecrated 8 Sept., 1909) entered upon his duties on 21 Nov., 1909. In the town of Taubate, there are, besides the cathedral, which is one of the finest in Brazil, the churches of Sant' Anna, Nossa .Senhora do Pilar, and .Santa Clara (built in 1644), and the chapels of the San Jose school of Santa Isabel Hospital, and of the Mendicant .Asy- lum. The Catholic educational institutions in Tau- bate are: the Seminario Menor, under the Capuchin Fathers; the CoUegio de Nossa .Senhora do Bom Con- selho, and the San Jose School, both under the Sisters of St. Joseph; the CoUegio Immaculado Cora^ao de Maria, and the CoUegio de Santa Veronica, admin- istered by the Third Order of >St. Francis. The re- ligious orders in the diocese arc: Capuchins; Fran- ciscans; and iSisters of St. Joseph. There are seven religious a,s.sociation8 or brotherhoods. The official organ of the diocese is "O Labaro", which was founded by Mgr. Nuiies de Avila.
For bibliography see Brazil.
Julian Moreno-Lacalle.
Tauler, John, German Dominican, one of the greatest mystics and preachers of the Middle Ages, b. at Strasburg about 1300; d. at the same place, 16 June, 1361. He was the son of a prosperous citizen of that city. .Apparently while still a youth he entered the Dominican Order at .Striusburg, because according to hia own confession the a.scetic life of the order at- tracted him. It is possible that while taking the cus-
XIV.— ;;o
tomary eight-years' course of study at the monastery
he heard Eckhart preach. When a student at the uni-
versity of the order at Cologne, he became more closely
acquainted with Eckhart. In the same way he prob-
ably came to know Henry Suso at Cologne. Whether
he also studied at Paris is uncertain; more probably
he returned from Cologne to Strasburg. From about
1339 to 1347 or 1348 he lived at Basle where he and
Henry of Nordlingen were the centre of the large so-
ciety called the Friends of God of Basle; these were
persons who favoured the mystical life and who gave
themselves this name from St. John, xv, 15. Tauler
then returned to Strasburg where he laboured as a
preacher. Christina Ebner praises his fiery tongue
that kindled the entire world; Rulman Merswin chose
him as confessor. Later he lived for some time at
Cologne. During the last period of his life he was
again at Strasburg.
The "Meisterbuch" of the "Friend of God of the Upland" gives an account of a master of the Scrip- tures who attracted great attention in 1346 by his preaching. One day a layman accused the master of seemingly seeking his own honour rather than that of God, saying also that probably he had not himself borne the burdens he had laid upon others. Without making any stipulations the master allowed himself to be guided by the layman and learned from him to forget the world and himself, to turn aU his thoughts upon God and to lead a life of the Spirit. For two years he Uved in seclusion. When after this he preached again for the first time the effect was so great that forty of his hearers went into convulsions and twelve could hardly be revived. After the master had lived and laboured for nine years more he fell danger- ously ill, and calling for the layman gave him a written account of his conversion. To this account the lay- man added five sermons of the master that he had copied. It was customary at an earlier date to re- gard Tauler as this master, and the "Meisterbuch" was from the year 1498 included in the editions of Tauler's sermons. In more recent times Preger has also supported this opinion. But in the treatise "Taulers Bekehrung" Denifle has produced strong proofs against attributing to Tauler the role of this master; this view is now generally maintained. The story told by the later Strasburg chronicler, .Speckle (d. 1589) is a ti.ssue of falsehoods; it rehites that Tau- ler opposed the pope and the interdict that the pope had laid upon Str;isburg in the struggle between the papacy and the Emperor Louis the Bavarian.
Tauler's WTitings have not yet been subjected to a thorough critical investigation. Much that is at- tributed to him is doubtful, much not genuine. He certainly did not write the book of the " Xachahmung des armen Lebens Christi" or "Von der gei.st- hchen Armut". The "Exercitia super vita et pas- sione Jesu Christi" and the spiritual songs attributed to him are also spurious. At the most he only wrote a small part of the "Medulla animEe" or of "In- stitutiones divinae". Only the sermons, therefore, re- main as the actual works of Tauler. The first edition appeared in 1498 at Leipzig and includes 84 sermons; the second edition (Basle, 1521-22) added 42 more some of which, however, even in the opinion of the editor of the edition, were not Tauler's; in the third edi- tion (Cologne, 1543) 25 new sermons were added, part of which are also spurious. The Cologne edition was translated into or rather paraphrased in, Latin by Laurentius .Surius (Cologne, 1548). This Latin edi- tion was the copy used for translations into various foreign languages and for both Cathohc and Protes- tant retranslations into German. Themodern editions (Frankfort, 1826, 18t)4, 1872; Berhn, 1841) are based on th(! old German editions. Lately, Ferdinand Vet- ter h:is prepared an edition tBerlin, 1910) ba.sed on the Engelberg manuscript (the only one made at Cologne and the oldest one that may perhaps repre-
