TE LUCIS
479
TEMPEL
fragans of Myra until the tenth century, when it is
no longer called Macra; in 131G mention is made of
the See of "Macraand Lybysium". Lybysiuin or
Levissi is about four miles south-west of Makri, and
has 3000 inhabitants, nearly all Greeks.
Smith, Diet, of Greek and Roman Geogr, s. v.; Texier, Asie mineure (Paris, 1862). 667-670; Cuinet. La Turquie d'Asie (Paris. 1S91-4), 333. III. 676 seq.; Tomaschek. Zur hiatorischcn Topographie von KUinasien im Miltelalter (Vienna. 1891), 44. S. P^TRIDfcs.
Te Lucis Ante Terminiim, the hymn at Compline in the Roman Breviary. The authorship of St. Ambrose, for which Pimont contends, is not admitted by the Benedictine editors or by Biraghi (see Am- BROSIAN Hymnography). The hymn is found in a hymnary in Irish script (described by Blume in his "Cursus", etc.) of the eighth or early ninth century; but the cla.s.sical prosody of its two stanzas {solita in the third hne of the original text is the only exception) suggests a much ejirlier origin. In this hymnary it is assigned, together with the hymn "Christe qui lux es et dies", to Compline. An earlier arrangement (as shown by the Rule of St. Caesarius of Aries, c. 502) coupled with the "Christe qui lux" the hymn "Christe precamur adnue", and assigned both to the "twelfth hour" of the day for alternate recitation throughout the year. The later introduction of the "Te lucis" suggests a later origin, although in its simple dignity the hymn is not unworthy of the muse of St. Ambrose. The two hymns "Te lucis" and "Christe qui lux" did not maintain everywhere the same relative position; the latter was used in winter, the former in summer and on festivals; while many cathedrals and monasteries replaced the "Te lucis" by the "Christe qui lux" from the first Sunday of Lent to Passion Sunday or Holy Thursday — a cus- tom followed by the Dominicans. The old Breviary of the Carthusians used the "Christe qui lux" throughout the year. The Roman Breviary assigns the "Te lucis" dailj' throughout the year, except from Holy Thursday (Te Lucis Ante Terminum, p. 2) to the Friday after Easter, inclusively. Merati, in his notes on Gavantus's Thesaurus, says that it haa always held, without variation, this place in the Roman Church. As it is sung daily, the Vatican Antiphonary (now passing through the press) gives it many plain-song settings for the varieties of season and rite (e. g. the nine melodies, pp. 117-121, 131, 174 356, 366).
^Iearns and Julian in Dictionary of Hymnology (2nd ed., London, 1907). 1135, 1710. To its list of transl. add Baoshawe, Breviary Hymns and Missal Sequences (London, s. d.), no. 30; DoNAHOE, Early Christian Hymns (New York. 1908). 41; HENRr. Hymns of the Little Hours in Ecclesiastical Review (Sept., 1890). 204-09; Kent in Shipley. Annus Sanetus, part II, 88; Pimont, Lei hymnes du briviaire romain. I (Paris. 1874), 124-30, defends (128-9) the simple directness of the language of the aee- cnd stanza. Hymns Ancient and Modern (historical edition, London, 1909). no. 34, gives Latin text and tr.. harmonized plain- song and a modern setting credited to the Katholische Geistliche Gesangbuch (Andemach, 1608), no. 163; Daniel, Thesaurus Hymnologicus, I. 53; Blume. Der Cursus S. Benedicti Nursini, etc. (Leipzig. 1908). 65. 68. 75.
H. T. Henry.
Temiskaming, Vicariate Apostolic of, suffragan of Ottawa, Canada, is bounded on the north by Hudson Bay and the Great WTiale River; on the south by the height of land, or watershed, except in the Temiskaming district, where the southern boun- dary is 47° N. lat. ; on the east by 72° W. long. ; and on the west by 91° W. long. It was erected on 22 Sept., 1908, by dividing the Diocese of Pembroke. Father de Bellefeuille, tS.S., and Father Dupuy, of Montreal, first preached the Gospel here in 1836. Annual visits were made to the Indians of the district, mis- sions being held at the Hudson Bay Company's trading posts. The Oblates of Man,' Immaculate were given charge in 1843. Father Laverlochere was the first of these zealous missionaries. They established a residence at Fort Temiskaming in
1863, but removed to Ville Marie in 1886. Lum-
bering succeeded the fur trade and was followed by
agriculture, the fertile shores of Lake Temiskaming
rapidly attracting settlers. Railway construction
with the discovery of silver and gold (1903), advanced
the Ontario section. The Catholic jjopulation of the
vicariate is about 20,000, including .some 5000 Indians.
Haileybury, Ontario, is the residence of the first
vicar Apostolic, the Right Rev. Elie-Anicet Latuhpe.
There are 17 parishes, 20 missions, and many stations,
ser\'ed by 21 secular priests, 4 Missionaries of the
Sacred Heart (who have a college also), and 9 Oblates
of Mary Immaculate. The Marist Brothers, the
Sisters of the Assumption (novitiate at Haileybury),
the Grey Nuns of the Cross, the Sisters of the Sacred
Heart, the Sisters of Providence, and the Sisters of
the Holy Family conduct four boarding-convents,
two hospitals, and one industrial school and refuge
for Indians, besides several parochial schools. The
Rt. Rev. Ehe-Anicct Latuhpe, D.D., was born at
St. Anicet, Province of Quebec, 3 Aug., 1859. Or-
dained on 30 May, 1SS5, he was successively curate at
St. Henri, Montreal, chaplain at the convents of the
Good Shepherd, Montreal, and St. Anne's, Lachine,
rector of Pembroke Cathedral, and pastor of Hailey-
bury. He was named Bishop of Catenna and first
Vicar-Apostolic of Temiskaming on 1 Oct., 1908, and
consecrated on 30 Nov., 1908.
John R. O'Gor.man.
Temnus, a titular see in Asia, a suffragan of Ephe- sus. Temnus was a little town of iEolia, near the River Hermus, which is shown on its coins. Situated on an elevation it commanded the territories of Cyme, Phoca;a, and Smyrna. Under Augustus it was al- ready on the decline; under Tiberius it was destroyed by an earthquake; and in the time of Pliny it was no longer inhabited. It was however rebuilt, and be- came one of the suffragans of Ephesus. Le Quien (Oriens Christ., I, 707), mentions three bishops: Eus- tathius, who lived in 451; Theophilus, present at the Council of Nice (787); Ignatius, at Constantinople (869). This see is not mentioned in the "Notitiae Episcopatuum". Ramsay (Asia Minor, 108) thought the Diocese of Temnus identical with that of Arch- angelus, which from the tenth to the thirteenth century the "Notitia> Episcopatuum" assigns to Smyrna. In 1413 the Turks seized the fortress of Archangelus, which they called Kaiadjik, i. e., small rock; this fort- ress was situated on the plains of Ma;nomenu8, now known as Menemen. Doubtless, Temnus and Mene- men are the same. The latter is now the chief place in the vilayet of Smyrna, with 9000 inhabitants, of whom 2000 are Greeks, 500 Armenians, the remainder Mussulmans. However, Texier (Asie Mineure, 227) identifies Temnus with the village of Guzel Hissar, to the north of Menemen.
Smith, Diet, Greek and Roman Geog., s. v.
S. P^tridJis.
Tempel, Wilhelm (Ernest Leberecht), German astronomer, b. 4 December, 1821. at (Nieder-) Cun- nersdorf near Lobau, Saxony; d. 16 March, 1889, in Arcetri near Florence. Having lost his mother in early infancy, he was placed under a school- master from his ninth to his fourteenth year, and employed as .=exton, beadle, gardener, and col- lector of fees on occasions of New Year, of baptisms, and marriages. He then learned the art of litho- graphy, and about his twentieth year, went, to Copen- hagen with letters of recommendation to a distant relative Lehmann, the father of the Danish states- men and journalist, Orla Lehmann. During a three- years' stay he was a welcome and frequent guest with a number of artists and academicians. The sculptor Reinhold carved his bust, and the painter Biinsen drew his portrait. His German poems to friends and benefactors show a complete mastery of his native
