TIBERIOPOLIS
717
TIBERIUS
and west at the north end, and in half an hour the
surface of the lake tosses furiously. Half an hour
again suffices to restore the lake to a mirror-like calm.
To-day the shores are barren and desolate, with
gloomy patches of volcanic soil to the north and west.
There is scarcely a tree to be seen, nor even any ver-
dure except where an overflowing torrent waters the
north-western plain, nor any human habitation save
the sombre houses of Tiberias to the west and a few
straggling villages. But in the days of Christ nature
and man united to render these shores singularly
.ittractive. The vine and the fig flourished ten
months in the year, and every variety of fruit ripened
in the various seasons: thick woods surrounded the
lake even down to the eighth century of the present
era, and the plains yielded rich harvests twice in the
year. Xine, perhaps ten, cities encircled the lake
with an almost unbroken front of wharves and har-
Trajan. Its exact site is unknown, but it was situated
in the region of Egri Gueuz, caza of Kutahia, vilayet
of Brusa. Ancient Greek "Notitiae episcopatuum"
mention it among the suffragans of Laodicea. In the
eighth century it was attached to the metropohtan
See of Hierapolis and as such appears in the "Notitiae
episcopatuum" until the thirteenth century. Le
Quien (Oriens christ., I, 797) mentions five of its
bishops known by their presence at councils: Eusta-
thius at Con.stantinople (5.36); Silas at Constanti-
nople (553); Anastasius at Constantinople (692);
Michael at Nicaea (787); Theoctistus at Constanti-
nople (879).
Smith. Did. of Greek and Roman geog., s. v.; Ramsat, Asia .Minor (London, 1890), 147, 458.
S. Petrides.
Tiberius, the second Roman emperor {a. d. 14-37), b. 16 November, 42 b. c; d. 16 March, a. d. 37. He
bours. Ruins of theatres, hippodromes, temples,
synagogues, baths, and villas witness to the presence
of all the refinements of Grjeco-Roman culture. Fish-
ing was an important industry (cf. Bclh Saida=
"Fi.shing-House", and 7'(iric/i((r=" Pickling Facto-
ries"), and the fishermen, though reputed generally
pious by the Rabbis, were a force to be reckoned with
in troubled times. The fish were exported to all parts
of the Roman world. The standing population of
the towns, of which the smallest had at lea.st 15,000
inhabitants, wa.s largely increased by multitudes of
sick who flocked, especially in .summer, to the world-
renomied .springs near Tiberias.
Be.aiflcs the Biblp Dictionaries, consult: Smith. Hist. Geog- raphy n/ the llolii Lnn// (London. 1909). 4.38-63: .Mebrii.l. Basf of Jordan. (Ixjndon. 1881); Gn^RIN, Desrriplion de la Palestine (Paris. I.S6S-S0). Pt. FII. GaliUe, 193-263: Necbacer. Geog- raphic du Talmud (Paris, 1868): BlEvER. Au hard du Imc de Tibrnaile in Con/erencei de Snint-Etienne (Paris. 1910). 109-142; (Paris. 1911). 261-.307 (a third lecture before the same audience in Januarv. 1912. has not vet been published): Buhl. Geagraphie dex alien PaUntina (Freiburi? and I.eipzig. 1896); Official Records of the PaUstiru Exploration Fund and Deutsche Patdslirui- Verein.
Jeremiah Hautican'.
Tiberiopolis, titular see in Phrygia Pacatiana. Tiberiopolis is mentioned by Ptolemy (V, 2, 25); S(]c- rates (Hi.st. eccl., VII, 46) ; and Herocles (Synec, 668, 9). It struck its own coins at least from the time of
was the son of Tiberius Claudius Nero and Livia.
By the marriage of his mother with Emperor Augus-
tus he became the latter's stepson, and was adopted by
Augustus in a. d. 4. In the year 10 he was appointed
coregcnt with .\ugustus. Hard and .secretive bv na-
ture and embittered by the neglect with which his
step-father allowed him to be treated, he did not
arou.se per.sonaI enthu.siasm, and until recently was
described by historians as a bloody tyrant. It is only
during the last sixty years th.at" he has been more
fairly judged, and at present the opinion begins to
prevail that he was a genuine Roman, a ruler f;iithful
to his duties, just, wise, and self-contained. In his
internal [xihcies especially he is one of the mo.st dis-
tinguished of all Roman emperors. Like .Vugustus he
reformed and improved every depart men I of the gov-
ernment, and promoted in every direction the pro.s-
perity of the empire of which .\ugusttis had laid the
foundation. He developed imperial power by de-
clining to have his authority renewed from time to
time by the Senate, as ,\iigu,stus had done. The
strong opposition which grew up against him w;is
due to his taciturn and domineering disposition, and
to the influence of the prefect of the gu.ard, JEVms
Sejanus, who alone po.sse.ssed his confidence. The
persecutions and executions for lese-majesty, which
