TORIBIO
781
TORONTO
Lanzi, Storia pitlorica delln Italia (Bassano, 1509); Vasari,
Le rile de' piUori (Milan, 1811).
George Charles Williamson.
Toribio Alfonso Mogrovejo, Saint, Archbishop of Lima; b. at Mayorga, Le6n, Spain, 1538; d. nedr Lima, Peru, 23 March, 1606. Of noble family and highly educated, he was professor of laws at the Uni- versity of Salamanca, where his learning and virtue led to his appointment as Grand Inquisitor of Spain by Philip II and, though not of erclesia.stical rank, to his subsequent .solcotion for the Archbishopric of Peru. He received Holy Orders in 1.578 and two years later was consecrated bishop. He arrived at Payta, Peru, 600 miles from Lima, on 24 May, 1.581. He began his mission work by travelling to Lima on foot, baptizing and teaching the natives, his favourite topic being: "Time is not our own, and we must give a strict ac- count of it." Three times he traversed the eighteen thousand miles of his diocese, generally on foot, de- fenceless and often alone; exposed to tempests, tor- rents, deserts, wild beasts, tropical heat, fevers, and savage tribes; baptizing and confirming nearly one half a million .souls, among them St. Kose of Lima, St. Francis Solano, Blessed Martin of Porres,and Bles.sed Masias. He built roads, school houses, and chapels innumerable, and many hospitals and convents, and founded the first American seminary at Lima in 1591. He assembled thirteen diocesan synods and three provincial councils. Years before he died, he pre- dicted the day and hour of his death. At Pacasmayo he contracted fever, but continued labouring to the last, arriving at Sana in a dying condition. Dragging himself to the sanctuary he received the Viaticum, ex- piring shortly after. He was beatified by Innocent XI in 1679 and canonized by Benedict XIII in 1726. His feast is celebrated on 27 April.
De Herrera, Life of Toribio. EdwARD L. AymE.
Tornielli, Girolamo Francesco, Italian Jesuit, preacher and writer, b. at Cameri, 1 February, 1693, of a distinguished family from Xovara; d. at Bologna, 6 Ai)ril or 12 May, 17.52. He entered the Society in 1710, and manifested oratorical powers; after teaching classics, he entered upon a career of preaching, which lasted for almost twenty years. He first spoke at Venice (1733), and then with increasing popularity at Rome, Milan, Florence, and Bologna. Many hailed him as Segneri's successor. Tornielli, however, did not possess Segneri's vehemence, impassioned logic, and directness. Brilliant rather than solid, he lacked originality and depth; but he had imagination and dramatic feeling. For his pathos and easy, ijopu- lar style he was surnamed the " Meta.stasio" of the Italian pulpit. To pohshed diction he added a refined and affecting delivery. Shocked by the licentious songs then common, Tornielli tried to remedy the evil by adapting sacred hymns to the popular airs. Many criticised him for having thus exposed the mysteries of religion to ridicule and contempt. A Jesuit, Sanchez de Luna, defended him in his "Riposta alia censura fatta aUe canzonette marineresche per le fes- tivit;\ di Maria Santissima". The Accademia della Crusca requested Tornielli to enter that body and offered to publish his works, but he modestly declined.
Tornielli's principal works are: "Sette canzonette in aria marineresca sopra le sette principale festc di Nostra Signora" ('^Iilan, 1738); "Prediche quaresi- mali" (Milan, 17.53, Ba-ssano, 1820, with a preface by Noghera, Savona, 1889); "Panegirici e di.scorsi sacri" (Ba.s.sano, 1768). Sommcrvogel and Carrara doubt the authenticity of the " Businate", a burlesque poem, nTitten in Milanese dialect and sometimes at- tributed to Tornielli. There is a eulogy of the orator in the "Piemontesi illu.stri". III, p. 305.
Carrara. .Viioro ditinrmrio inlorico (Bassano. 1796); Betti- NELU. Oprrf ctliu ed inedile. XXIII (Vcnicp. 1801); Prrdiche tcelte di Segneri. Tomiciti fd aUeri (Turin. 1824); de Anoelis in Bioi/rapbie ancicnne el moderne, XLVI (Paris, 1826); Scelta di
prediche dei piu. celebri oratoH ilatiani (Rome. 1837); AuDisio.
Lezioni di eloquenza sacra, II (Turin, 1859), 346-49: Nay. Breti
cenni sulta vita, suW opere di Tornielli (Preface to Tornielli's "La
felicity del patrocinio del Governo de Gozzano" etc.), (Turin,
1875) : DE Backer, Bibl. des icrimins de la C. de J. ser., IV,
699; SoMMERvoQEL, Bibl. de la C. de J.. VIII, 101-t.
John C. Reville.
Torone, a titular see in Macedonia, suffragan of Thessalonica. Torone was a colony of Chalcideans from Kuboea, on the south-west coast of the peninsula Sithonia, the modern name of which is Longos; this is the middle peninsula of Chalcidice, lying be- tween the Toronaic (!ulf, calleil to-day, Cassandra, and the Gulf of Singitticus (Mt. Athos). Built on a hill, in a fine situation, it had a harbour called Kophon (deaf), because the sound of the sea-waves could not be heard there, thus giving rise to the proverb: "Deafer than the port of Torone." Torone had thirty small cities under its government; hke the other Grecian cities of the region, it furnished Xer.xes with men and ships. After the Persian War it passed under the rule of Athens. In 424 B. c, the (Jlynthian, Lysistratus, opened its gates to Brasidas; it was short ly afterwards retaken by Cleon. After the peace of Nicias it w;is ceded to the Athenians; in 379 B. c, it was taken bj' Agesipohus ; in 364-3, by the Athenian, Timotheus; in 349-8, by Phihp, who .annexed it with the other cities of Chalcidice to his own kingdom. In 169 Torone repelled an attack matle by the Roman fleet. Since then historj' is silent about this city which Pliny calls a free city. Its ruins, in the vilayet of Salonica, still bear the ancient name, pronounced by the Greeks, Toroni. As an episcopal see, Torone does not appear in any of the "Notitia; episcopa- tuum", and we know of no bishop of the diocese.
Smith, Diet, of Greek and Roman Geogr., s. v.; Desdevises-du- D^SERT, Geographic ancienne de la Macedoine (Paris, 1863), 374; Leake, Northern Greece, III, 119, 155, 4.55; Demitsas, .indent Geography of Macedonia: Topography (Athens, 1874). 426-30 (in Greek). S. PetRID^S.
Toronto, Archdiocese of (Torontina), in the Province of Ontario, Canada. When constituted a diocese, it embraced all Upper Canada west of the Newcastle district, but at present is limited to the counties of York, Simcoe, Ontario, Peel, Dufferin, Lincoln, and \\'elland. The first missionary in this di.strict was Father Joseph Le Caron, a Recollect, who celebrated Mass on the shore of Georgian Bay in 1615. Thus began the Huron mi.ssions, the story of which, replete with heroism of Recollect and Jesuit, is told elsewhere in this work; suffice it to say here that all the missions among that people and some of those attempted among their Neutral kindred lay within the present archdiocesan limits. During the century and a half following the destruction of these nations, a few priests are known to have been in this district ; among these were Father Hennepin, in 1678, and Abbe; Pic- quet, who visited Fort Rouille (Toronto) in 1752. A Catholic chaplain was attached to the troops at Newark (Niagara-on-t he-Lake) in 1794, and about the same time missionaries began to visit occasionally the few Catholics of York (Toronto) and the neighbouring territory. Amongst these was Father Burke, after- wanls Vicar Apo.stolic of Nova Scotia, who held the office of Vicar-General of Upper Canada. After 1S04 Father Macdonell came as often :is his extended field of labour allowed, and, when Bishoj) of Kingston, re- sided at York for some years. In 1826 there were two resident priests in this region, one at York, the other at Niag.ara.
The I)ioce.se of Kingston was divided on 17 Dec, 1841, and Father Power, bishop-elect of the western portion, having permission to name his episcopal city, chose Toronto, the provincial capital. This first bishop, Michael Power, born :it Halifax, N. S., 17 Oct., 1804, W!is Vicar-Generalof t he Dioce.seof Montrealwhen raised to the episcopate. Consecrated on 8 May, 1842, he laid the cornerstone of the cathedral, introduced
