JANSSEN
od. Jo. Andreas Scherer (Vienna, 1795). Manuscript, rollections of letters are privately owned, excepting the letters to Franklin which belongto the"American Philosophical Society" of Philadelphia; 27 letters written by Ingen-Housz are in the Imperial Library at Vienna; Franklin's letters, verbally in part, are to
47 JOHNSON
be found in the "Auktionskatalog VIH" of 11 Mar., 1901, issued by Gilhofer and Ranschburg of Vienna. Old biographies by M. J. Godefroi (1875) and Theub (1880). in De Gids, No. 9, both in Dutch. The late-st biographv and an exhaustive one is by VViesner, Jan Ingen-Housz, Sein Leben und sein Wirken nls Naturjorscher und Arzt (Vienna, 1905).
Leopold Senfelder.
Janssen, Arnold, founder and first superior-
general of the Society of the Divine Word, b. at
Goch in the Rhine Province, Germany, 5 Nov., 1837;
d. at Steyl, Holland, loJan., 1909. At a very tender age
he manifested an inclination for the priesthood.
After completing
'^i. VQi '", ijil^i'i- I his Classical stu-
■r i; /W&'. t iuQCk' dies at the dioce-
san college of Gaesdonck in the northern Rhine Province, he took up the study of philosophy at the Academy of Mun- ster, and then entered the LTni- vcrsity of Bonn. Having c o ni - pleted his theolog- ical studies at Bonn and at MUn- ster, he was or- dained, 15 Aug., 1861. He de- voted some years to pastoral work and the teaching of Christian doc- trine, in 1873 be- coming chaplain and director at theUrsuIine convent of Kempen. As diocesan president of the Apostleship of Prayer he laboured for the propagation of that association, and in this capacity felt called to foimd a missionary cen- tre for Germany. The result was the establishment of the Mission House of St. Michael at Steyl, Hol- land, 8 Sept., 1875. Out of this grew the Society of the Divine Word, which received canonical approba- tion in 1901. The congregation now has flourishing missions in all parts of the world, and, besides that at Stejd, has four mission houses in Germany and Austria and two in the United States. The institu- tion at Techny, 111., called St. Mar)-'s Mission House, was opened 2 Feb., 1909, and was followed by an- other mission house, opened September, 1912, at Girard, Pa, the object of both institutions is to edu- cate priests for the heathen missions in charge of the society. The spirit of the founder lives also in the many educational institutions conducted by the mem- bers of the Society of the Divine Word. In conjunc- tion with his missionary work Father Janssen in 1889 founded the congregation of the Servant Sisters of the Holy Ghost, who assist the priests in their missionary undertakings. This congregation num- bers some 600 sisters, who have a home for the aged at Techny, 111. In 1912 Father Jan.ssen's society numbered 625 priests, 1250 students for the priest- hood, and 800 lay brothers.
Herm. Richarz.
Jesu Dulcis Memoria, a poem ranging from forty- two to fifty-three stanzas (in various manuscripts), from which the Roman Breviary takes twelve stanzas to form the three hymns of the Office of the Holy Name: "Jesu dulcis memoria" (Ve.spers), "Jesu rex
admirabilis" (Matins), "Jesu decus angelicum"
(Lauds). A feature of the long poem is the single
rhymic scheme for a stanza, e. g.:
Jesu dulcis memoria, Dans vera cordis gaudia, Sed super mel et omnia Ejus dulcis praesentia.
The ascription of authorship to St. Bernard is general and, thinks Mcarns (Diet, of Hyninology, 1892), probable — a view which he is still "inclined "to in the second edition of the "Dictionary" (1907). Gu6r- anger thought that certain manuscripts "prove be- yond a doubt" that it was composed in the fourteenth century by a Benedictine abbess — a view contra- dicted by the MSS. cited by Mearns, of about 1200. Blunie (.see Hymnody and Hymnology) denies its authorship by St. Bernard, and Dom Pothier (Re\T]e bencdictine, X, 147) found.it in a MS. of the eleventh century, ascribed to a Benedictine abbess (St. Bernard was born in 1090).
Mearns in liirtinnnry of Hymnology (2nd cd.. London, 1907), 585, 15.3(1, lt'-')r.: to the list should be added trs. by Bagshawe, Breviary Jlymns nn,l Missal Sequences (London, 1900); Donahoe, Early Chrislian Hymns, series I (New York, 1908); Henry in American Ecclesiastical Review (Jan., 1900), Latin text, tr.. and comment, and (Feb., 1900), comment on authorship.
H. T. Henry.
Johnson, Lionel Pigot, b. at Broadstairs on the Kentish coast, 15 Mar., 1867; d. 4 Oct., 1902. He was the youngest son of Captain William Victor Johnson, of the 90th Light Infantry, and his wife Catharine Delicia, only daughter of Robert Walters, Esq., barrister-at-law. The family is that of the Johnsons of Bath, Baronets, allied to many well- known houses. Lady Johnson, Lionel's paternal grandmother, was a Philipse of Rhual in Flintshire, daughter of the landowner who gave his name to Philipsburg, New York. Her father-in-law. General Sir Henry Johnson, was Governor of Ross Castle, Ireland, in 1798, and remorselessly active in putting down the patriot insurrection of that year. He mar- ried Rebecca, daughter of David Franks, a wealthy Hebrew citizen of Philadelphia. These direct an- cestral details throw light upon Lionel Johnson's equitable and liberal spirit, and point the natural origin of his love for Wales, his understanding of American ideals, and his intense enthusiasm for Ire- land, which in his later years flamed far above his feeling for his own country. Only by courtes}' can he be called an Irishman. As a convert Catholic Nationalist, he stood as the obverse of the Anglo- Irish Protestant Tory of his blood ju,st mentioned. In all branches of this family and as far back as the pedigree goes, its men were and are officers in the British army; and a certain soldierliness, elements of order, strength, andauthority, are evident under Lionel Johnson's literary fabric. He was educated tit Win- chester College, always dear to him, and at New Col- lege, Oxford, where he graduated with honors in I.S90. On St. .Vlban's Day, 1891, he was received into the Catholic Church byFr. Lockhart. at St. Etheldreda's, Ely Phice, London. From 1S91 to 1001 he wrote constantly, living alone in Gray's Inn Squ.are, Lin- coln's Inn Squ.are, and Clifford's Inn respectively. He never married. He died from the results of a
