BRUCHESI
BRUGERE
See of Maronia. He died at Mobile, 4 December,
1885. Bishop Neraz of San Antonio, Texas, was then
appointed administrator of Brownsville, and directed
its affairs until 1890, when the Rev. Pedro Verdaguer,
pastor of the church of Our Lady of Angels, Los
Angeles, California, was appointed to Brownsville by
a Brief, dated 3 July. He was consecrated 9 Novem-
ber, 1890, at Barcelona, Spain, Titular Bishop of
Aulon, and was installed at Brownsville, 21 May,
1891. He was born 10 December, 1835, at San
Pedro de Torello, Cataluna, Spain, and ordained
priest, 12 December, 1862, at San Francisco, Cali-
fornia, U. S. A.
Shea, Hist. Cath. Ch. in V. S. (New York, 1904); Reuss, Biaq. Cycl. of the Cath. Hierarchy (Milwaukee, 1898); The Catholic Directory (1907).
C. Jaillet.
Bruchesi, Paul.. See Montreal, Archdiocese of.
Brack, Heinrich, ecclesiastical historian and bishop, b. at Bingen, 25 October, 1831; d. 4 Novem- ber, 1903. He followed for some time the cooper's trade. After a course of studies under the direction of a distinguished ecclesiastic, Dr. Joseph Hirschel, he entered the seminary at Mainz. He was or- dained to the priesthood in 1855, exercised for some time the sacred ministry, made a postgraduate course at Munich under Dollinger, and at Rome, and in 1857 was appointed to the chair of ecclesiastical history in the seminary of Mainz. He continued to teach until his elevation to the episcopate, with the exception of the years from 1878 to 1887, when the seminary was closed by order of the Government. In 1S89 he became a canon of the cathedral; he re- ceived also several positions of trust in the adminis- tration of the diocese. In 1899 he was chosen Bishop of Mainz; as such he directed the diocese with zeal and intelligence. The merit of Bruck consists chiefly in his literary activity. Perhaps his best known work is his manual of church history, "Lehrbuch der Kirchengeschichte" (Mainz, 1874; 8th ed., 1902). It has been translated into English, French, and Italian, all of which translations passed through second edi- tions before 1899, an evidence that its excellent qualities were widely appreciated. The author shows himself possessed of extensive knowledge not only in history, but also in theology and canon law. A more special work is his "Geschichte der katholischen Kirche in Deutschland im neunzehnten Jahrhundert" — " History of the Catholic Church in Germany in the Nineteenth Century", in five volumes (1887-1905). It contains a rich store of information, arranged with thoroughness and sound critical judgment, and was received with universal approval by Catholic scholars. He was also the author of an account of rationalistic movements in Catholic Germany (1865), a life of Dean Lennig (1870), and a work on secret societies in Spain (1881).
ScHAEFER, Dr. Heinrirh Bruck, Bisehof von Mainz in Der hollmlil, i I IivpimUt, HUM; in pamphlet form, Mainz, 1904); Dr. lh nn i'h /;./,,/,, /t'-.sr/i.j/ rim Mainz in Dintseher HavsBchatz (1904), XXX; Dr. Hnnrich Bruck, Bischoj ran Maim, ein l..il. nkblatt (Mainz, 1903).
Francis J. Schaefer. Brael (Brtjuus), Joachim, theologian and his- torian, b. early in tin- seventeenth century at Yorst, a village of the province of Brabant, Belgium; d. 29 June, 1653. After entering the order of the Augustinians he was sent to Bourses, France, to
finish his studies in philosophy and theology. At
Bourses he received the degree of Master in Sacred Theology. In 1038 he was chosen prior of the con- vent of his order at Cologne. Twice afterwards (1610 and 16 19) he filled the oilier of prior provincial. lh is of special interest to the student of Peruvian
and Chinese missions.
Among his published works are: (1) "Historian Peruana- Ordinis Eremitarum S. P. Augustini: Libri
octodecim". This work follows the Spanish "Cro-
nica moralizada del Orden de San Augustfn en el
Peru", published by Fra Antonio de la Calancha,
Barcelona, 163S; continued by Fra Diego de Cordova,
and printed at Lima, 1653. Bruel's Latin version
was printed at Antwerp, 1651. (2) He made also
a Latin translation of Mendoza's monumental his-
tory of China, "Rerum Morumque in Regno Chi-
nensi etc.
Francis E. Touhscher.
Brueys, David-Augustin de, a French theo- logian and dramatic author, b. at Aix in 1640; d. 25 November, 1723, at Montpellier. His family was Protestant, and he was brought up a Calvinist. After devoting some time to the study of law, he applied himself to theology with so much success that he was made a member of the consistory of Montpellier. In 1681, he published an answer to Bossuet's "Exposition of Catholic Doctrine", entitled "Response au livre de M. de Condom in- titule' Exposition de la doctrine catholique" (Ge- neva, 1681). He was soon, however, converted by Bossuet himself, abjured Protestantism in 16S2, and, after his wife's death, became a priest. Be- fore his conversion he wrote, besides the "Response", the "Suite du Preservatif (de Jurieu) contre le changement de religion" (1682).
His principal works, written after his conversion, are: "Examen des raisons qui ont donned lieu a la separation des protestants" (Paris, 1683), in which he explains the reasons of his conversion; "Trait<5 de la sainte messe" (Paris, 1683); "DeTense du culte exteVieur de PEglise catholique" (Paris, 1686); "Response aux plaintes des protestants contre les moyens que Ton emploie en France pour les reunir a l'Eglise" (Paris, 1686); "Traits de 1'Eglise" (Paris, 1686); "Trade de l'Eucharistie" (Paris, 16S6); "Histoire du fanaticisme de notre temps" (I, 1692; II, 1709; III and IV, 1713); "Traite" de l'obeassance des chi6tiens aux puissances tem- porelles" (Paris, 1710); "Traits du legitime usage de la raison prineipalement sur les objets de la foi" (Paris, 1717).
In collaboration with Palaprat, Brueys also wrote several comic plays and a few tragedies, most of which were produced with great success. They were published in two volumes in 1712, under the title of "CEuvres dramatiques". A new edition of three volumes appeared in 1735, with the author's life by De Launay; again in 1755 (5 vols.), under the title of "GSuvres de Brueys et Palaprat"; and finally in 1812 (2 vols.) as "CEuvres choisies".
De Launay. Life of Brneys in the first volume of his dramatic works (ed. 17.35); Haag, La From;: protestants (Paris, 184(1-59), III. 41-44; Rass, Die Conrrrtiten stit der Information (Frei- burg, 1S06-S0), VIII, 232-240.
C. A. DUBRAY.
Brugere, Louis-Frederic, professor of apologet- ics ami church history, b. at Orleans, S October, 1823; d. at Issy, 11 April, 18S8. He studied with the Christian Brothers at St. Euverte, and at the Petit Seminaire of Orleans. His poem of 300 lines de- scribing an inundation of (he Rhone and composed in 1841, was printed and sold for the benefit of the flood victims af Lyons. He entered the Grand Semi- naire of Orleans in 1841, and the Paris seminary in 1845, where he received flic degrees of Bachelor,
Licentiate, and Doctor. From 1846 to 1861, with the exception of two years spent as assistant in the parish of St. Aignan, Brugere taught the classics
and philosophy in the Orleans diocesan college of
I.a Chapelle-Saint-Mesmin. In 1862 he entered the
society of Saint-Sulpiee and was appointed professor ci apologetics in the seminary at Paris "here, in 1868, he occupied I hi' chair of church history in addition lo his other labours.
Brugere's teaching was characterized by rare tact
